Bishop MuseumExplore

Journeys

The expeditions, reassembled

Every dated label is a diary entry. Read a collector’s labels in order and the voyage comes back: the islands in sequence, the days at each, the specimens from every stop. 71 journeys so far, 1909 to 2011, 15,629 specimens between them.

46 collectors and expeditions1,784 days in the field621,466 km between stops12,379 photographed specimens

Masahiko Takamatsu

31 islands · Dec 1935 – Jun 1936

Masahiko Takamatsu across 31 islands, December 1935 – June 1936

2,083 specimens · 77 stops · 205 days · 15,209 km

G.E. Edano

35 islands · Jan – May 1957

G.E. Edano across 35 islands, January – May 1957

653 specimens · 58 stops · 131 days · 4,198 km

Yoshio KondoKay Kondo

36 islands · Jan – May 1957

Yoshio KondoKay Kondo across 36 islands, January – May 1957

648 specimens · 59 stops · 131 days · 2,868 km

Maxwell S. Doty

16 islands · Aug – Dec 1971

Maxwell S. Doty across 16 islands, August – December 1971

737 specimens · 34 stops · 101 days · 25,154 km

Seymour H. Sohmer

Sri Lanka and Pahang · Sep – Dec 1973

Seymour H. Sohmer in Sri Lanka and Pahang, September – December 1973

672 specimens · 28 stops · 94 days

J.S. Burley

4 islands · May – Jul 1989

J.S. Burley across 4 islands, May – July 1989

478 specimens · 22 stops · 63 days · 30,615 km

Ismail Tukirin

4 islands · May – Jul 1989

Ismail Tukirin across 4 islands, May – July 1989

414 specimens · 25 stops · 63 days · 32,354 km

F. Raymond Fosberg

14 islands · Mar – Sep 1956

F. Raymond Fosberg across 14 islands, March – September 1956

258 specimens · 81 stops · 177 days · 16,398 km

Adolph D.E. Elmer

3 islands · 1–22 Oct 1922

Adolph D.E. Elmer in Borneo, North Borneo and Tawao, 1–22 October 1922

1,407 specimens · 2 stops · 22 days

Kenneth R. Wood

8 islands · Jul – Dec 1995

Kenneth R. Wood across 8 islands, July – December 1995

447 specimens · 35 stops · 139 days · 32,262 km

H.P. Nooteboom

3 islands · Mar – May 1970

H.P. Nooteboom in Borneo, Sarawak and Sabah, March – May 1970

344 specimens · 34 stops · 62 days · 5,549 km

J. Afriastini

Borneo · Jan – Feb 1995

J. Afriastini in Borneo, January – February 1995

409 specimens · 23 stops · 29 days · 7,075 km

P. Chai

Borneo and Sarawak · Mar – May 1970

P. Chai in Borneo and Sarawak, March – May 1970

306 specimens · 31 stops · 62 days · 3,319 km

Benjamin C. Stone

7 islands · Mar – Sep 1971

Benjamin C. Stone across 7 islands, March – September 1971

236 specimens · 43 stops · 182 days · 10,793 km

J.A. McDonald

5 islands · Apr – Jul 1992

J.A. McDonald across 5 islands, April – July 1992

263 specimens · 31 stops · 101 days · 31,570 km

Neth. Ind. For. Service

14 islands · Apr 1939 – Jan 1940

Neth. Ind. For. Service, April 1939 – January 1940

171 specimens · 91 stops · 272 days · 40,249 km

Ismail Indah

Borneo and Kalimantan · Apr – May 1994

Ismail Indah in Borneo and Kalimantan, April – May 1994

274 specimens · 31 stops · 38 days · 2,267 km

Steven Perlman

9 islands · Aug – Dec 1995

Steven Perlman across 9 islands, August – December 1995

320 specimens · 39 stops · 137 days · 51,778 km

Hamzah

Borneo and Kalimantan · Apr – May 1994

Hamzah in Borneo and Kalimantan, April – May 1994

270 specimens · 31 stops · 38 days · 3,384 km

A. Nurdin

3 islands · Oct – Nov 1993

A. Nurdin in Borneo, Indonesia and Kalimantan, October – November 1993

290 specimens · 23 stops · 32 days · 3,346 km

Johnson Randall

13 islands · Feb – Jun 1979

Johnson Randall across 13 islands, February – June 1979

344 specimens · 33 stops · 111 days · 11,568 km

H.P. Nooteboom

3 islands · Jan – Mar 1969

H.P. Nooteboom in Borneo, Sabah and Java, January – March 1969

194 specimens · 27 stops · 73 days · 38,443 km

T.G. Laman

Borneo · Oct – Nov 1996

T.G. Laman in Borneo, October – November 1996

272 specimens · 12 stops · 23 days · 4,031 km

M.M. Fleischer

3 islands · Feb – Apr 1909

M.M. Fleischer in Luzon, Penang and Java, February – April 1909

184 specimens · 16 stops · 64 days

How a journey is found

Every specimen with a full date and a known collector is a diary entry. The days are read in order; a gap of more than three weeks ends one journey and starts the next. Days spent where a collector lived most of their life are home, not travel, and are left out.

A journey needs at least five days, forty specimens and two places. Within it, a run of days spent within about ten kilometres is one stop; the stop’s point is the middle of the labels that carry coordinates, or the island’s centre when none do.

Companions are the people whose own labels put them in the same place on the same days. Staff can name a journey, write about it and feature it; everything else here is read straight off the specimens, and is rebuilt as the records improve.