Bishop MuseumExplore

Journeys

The expeditions, reassembled

Every dated label is a diary entry. Read a collector’s labels in order and the voyage comes back: the islands in sequence, the days at each, the specimens from every stop. 139 journeys so far, 1980 to 1990, 19,401 specimens between them.

74 collectors and expeditions1,890 days in the field556,292 km between stops12,266 photographed specimens

Derral R. Herbst

Oʻahu · Dec 1989 – Mar 1990

Derral R. Herbst in Oʻahu, December 1989 – March 1990

67 specimens · 13 stops · 78 days · 253 km

Wayne N. Takeuchi

Kauaʻi and Oʻahu · Sep – Dec 1982

Wayne N. Takeuchi in Kauaʻi and Oʻahu, September – December 1982

79 specimens · 8 stops · 68 days · 254 km

Warren L. Wagner Jr.

Kauaʻi · 26–31 Aug 1983

Warren L. Wagner Jr. in Kauaʻi, 26–31 August 1983

131 specimens · 5 stops · 6 days

R. Gustafson

3 islands of the United States · Jul – Aug 1983

R. Gustafson in Hawaiʻi Island, Molokaʻi and Maui, July – August 1983

98 specimens · 8 stops · 10 days · 223 km

L. Cuddihy Pratt

Molokaʻi · 19–31 May 1982

L. Cuddihy Pratt in Molokaʻi, 19–31 May 1982

89 specimens · 9 stops · 13 days

G. Clarke

3 islands of the United States · 9–25 Apr 1980

G. Clarke in Kahoʻolawe, Kauaʻi and Maui, 9–25 April 1980

125 specimens · 4 stops · 17 days · 403 km

Warren L. Wagner Jr.

3 islands of the United States · May – Jun 1985

Warren L. Wagner Jr. in Hawaiʻi Island, Kauaʻi and Oʻahu, May – June 1985

90 specimens · 6 stops · 32 days · 484 km

T.F. Stuessy

Oʻahu and Hawaiʻi Island · 20–30 May 1982

T.F. Stuessy in Oʻahu and Hawaiʻi Island, 20–30 May 1982

111 specimens · 5 stops · 11 days · 467 km

W. Teraoka

3 islands · May – Aug 1980

W. Teraoka in Oʻahu, Savaii and Upolu, May – August 1980

66 specimens · 17 stops · 85 days · 4,343 km

W.C. Martin

3 islands of the United States · Jul – Aug 1983

W.C. Martin in Hawaiʻi Island, Molokaʻi and Maui, July – August 1983

92 specimens · 8 stops · 10 days · 223 km

A. Nether

Oʻahu · Dec 1989 – Jan 1990

A. Nether in Oʻahu, December 1989 – January 1990

136 specimens · 7 stops · 44 days

C. Corn

Molokaʻi and Kauaʻi · Apr – May 1982

C. Corn in Molokaʻi and Kauaʻi, April – May 1982

103 specimens · 5 stops · 24 days · 293 km

van Balgooy

Oʻahu and Kauaʻi · May – Jun 1982

van Balgooy in Oʻahu and Kauaʻi, May – June 1982

91 specimens · 7 stops · 13 days · 509 km

F. Raymond Fosberg

3 islands · Jan – Feb 1983

F. Raymond Fosberg in North Island, South Island and Hawaiʻi Island, January – February 1983

60 specimens · 15 stops · 36 days · 19,213 km

K.L. Marr

3 islands of the United States · Apr – Aug 1988

K.L. Marr in Oʻahu, Kauaʻi and Hawaiʻi Island, April – August 1988

50 specimens · 16 stops · 107 days · 1,706 km

F.R. Warshauer

Kauaʻi and Molokaʻi · May – Jun 1981

F.R. Warshauer in Kauaʻi and Molokaʻi, May – June 1981

62 specimens · 15 stops · 44 days · 236 km

Otto Degener

15 islands · May – Aug 1982

Otto Degener across 15 islands, May – August 1982

71 specimens · 26 stops · 89 days · 26,628 km

L.D. Whiteaker

3 islands · May – Aug 1980

L.D. Whiteaker in Oʻahu, Savaii and Upolu, May – August 1980

62 specimens · 16 stops · 82 days · 4,343 km

S.G. Weller

3 islands of the United States · Jun – Jul 1985

S.G. Weller in Hawaiʻi Island, Lānaʻi and Maui, June – July 1985

74 specimens · 10 stops · 14 days · 289 km

Timothy Flynn

Hawaiʻi Island and Oʻahu · Feb – Mar 1984

Timothy Flynn in Hawaiʻi Island and Oʻahu, February – March 1984

79 specimens · 6 stops · 30 days · 230 km

Thomas G. Lammers

4 islands of the United States · Jun – Jul 1985

Thomas G. Lammers across 4 islands of the United States, June – July 1985

63 specimens · 12 stops · 18 days · 636 km

Warren L. Wagner Jr.

Hawaiʻi Island · 16–21 Nov 1982

Warren L. Wagner Jr. in Hawaiʻi Island, 16–21 November 1982

104 specimens · 5 stops · 6 days · 16 km

H.J. Fortner

6 islands of the United States · Jun – Jul 1984

H.J. Fortner across 6 islands of the United States, June – July 1984

67 specimens · 8 stops · 35 days · 2,689 km

Isa Degener

14 islands · May – Aug 1982

Isa Degener across 14 islands, May – August 1982

66 specimens · 25 stops · 81 days · 26,529 km

How a journey is found

Every specimen with a full date (year, month and day; a bare “1 January” is treated as a missing day) and a named collector is a diary entry. For each collector the days are read in order, each day given the place most of its labels name. The place where a collector spent more than forty percent of their days, and at least sixty of them, is home: days there are left out.

A gap of more than 21 days between collecting days ends one journey and begins the next. A journey must run five to four hundred days, hold at least forty specimens and touch at least two places. Within it, consecutive days inside the same or a neighbouring tenth-of-a-degree cell (about eleven kilometres) are one stop; the stop’s point is the mean of its labels’ coordinates, or the island’s centre when none carry any.

Companions are collectors whose own labels put them in the same cell on the same days. Staff can name a journey, write about it, feature it or hide it; those words survive every rebuild. Everything else is read off the specimens and rebuilt by harvest.mjs expeditions as the records improve.