Bishop MuseumExplore

Journeys

The expeditions, reassembled

Every dated label is a diary entry. Read a collector’s labels in order and the voyage comes back: the islands in sequence, the days at each, the specimens from every stop. 139 journeys so far, 1980 to 1990, 19,401 specimens between them.

74 collectors and expeditions1,890 days in the field556,292 km between stops12,266 photographed specimens

D. Paquin

Kauaʻi · Oct – Nov 1982

D. Paquin in Kauaʻi, October – November 1982

40 specimens · 4 stops · 36 days

C.T. Imada

Hawaiʻi Island · 1–11 Feb 1987

C.T. Imada in Hawaiʻi Island, 1–11 February 1987

42 specimens · 5 stops · 11 days

D. Paquin

Oʻahu · Jul – Aug 1988

D. Paquin in Oʻahu, July – August 1988

42 specimens · 3 stops · 36 days

R. Gustafson

Molokaʻi and Kauaʻi · 17–23 Jul 1984

R. Gustafson in Molokaʻi and Kauaʻi, 17–23 July 1984

45 specimens · 4 stops · 7 days · 239 km

J.C.E. Riotte

Kauaʻi · Jun – Jul 1981

J.C.E. Riotte in Kauaʻi, June – July 1981

55 specimens · 6 stops · 42 days

G.M.N. Wong

4 islands of the United States · Dec 1984 – Jan 1985

G.M.N. Wong across 4 islands of the United States, December 1984 – January 1985

55 specimens · 8 stops · 21 days · 417 km

de Lappe

Kauaʻi · Mar – Apr 1987

de Lappe in Kauaʻi, March – April 1987

43 specimens · 3 stops · 22 days

Timothy Flynn

Hawaiʻi Island and Maui · 24–28 Jul 1983

Timothy Flynn in Hawaiʻi Island and Maui, 24–28 July 1983

44 specimens · 4 stops · 5 days

B. Jones

Oʻahu and Hawaiʻi Island · May – Jun 1988

B. Jones in Oʻahu and Hawaiʻi Island, May – June 1988

106 specimens · 2 stops · 10 days · 299 km

W.H. Magruder

Hawaiʻi Island · 18–28 May 1988

W.H. Magruder in Hawaiʻi Island, 18–28 May 1988

76 specimens · 3 stops · 11 days · 128 km

Timothy Flynn

3 islands · Oct – Nov 1989

Timothy Flynn in Upolu, Savaii and Maui, October – November 1989

43 specimens · 7 stops · 13 days · 4,300 km

William J. Hoe

Hawaiʻi Island · 12–16 Jul 1982

William J. Hoe in Hawaiʻi Island, 12–16 July 1982

43 specimens · 3 stops · 5 days

W.H. Magruder

Hawaiʻi Island · 19–23 Apr 1988

W.H. Magruder in Hawaiʻi Island, 19–23 April 1988

64 specimens · 4 stops · 5 days · 243 km

B.K. Kirchoff

Oʻahu · 24–30 May 1988

B.K. Kirchoff in Oʻahu, 24–30 May 1988

45 specimens · 2 stops · 7 days

Betsy H. Gagne

Maui · Feb – Mar 1984

Betsy H. Gagne in Maui, February – March 1984

63 specimens · 3 stops · 13 days

W.H. Magruder

Molokaʻi and Maui · Jul – Aug 1988

W.H. Magruder in Molokaʻi and Maui, July – August 1988

67 specimens · 2 stops · 14 days · 62 km

M.E. Leu

Molokaʻi and Oʻahu · 9–21 Jul 1988

M.E. Leu in Molokaʻi and Oʻahu, 9–21 July 1988

56 specimens · 2 stops · 13 days · 109 km

J.C.E. Riotte

Kauaʻi · 7–25 Sep 1981

J.C.E. Riotte in Kauaʻi, 7–25 September 1981

40 specimens · 2 stops · 19 days

Helms

Oʻahu · 7–14 Jun 1988

Helms in Oʻahu, 7–14 June 1988

43 specimens · 2 stops · 8 days · 37 km

How a journey is found

Every specimen with a full date (year, month and day; a bare “1 January” is treated as a missing day) and a named collector is a diary entry. For each collector the days are read in order, each day given the place most of its labels name. The place where a collector spent more than forty percent of their days, and at least sixty of them, is home: days there are left out.

A gap of more than 21 days between collecting days ends one journey and begins the next. A journey must run five to four hundred days, hold at least forty specimens and touch at least two places. Within it, consecutive days inside the same or a neighbouring tenth-of-a-degree cell (about eleven kilometres) are one stop; the stop’s point is the mean of its labels’ coordinates, or the island’s centre when none carry any.

Companions are collectors whose own labels put them in the same cell on the same days. Staff can name a journey, write about it, feature it or hide it; those words survive every rebuild. Everything else is read off the specimens and rebuilt by harvest.mjs expeditions as the records improve.