Bishop MuseumExplore

Journeys

The expeditions, reassembled

Every dated label is a diary entry. Read a collector’s labels in order and the voyage comes back: the islands in sequence, the days at each, the specimens from every stop. 1,039 journeys so far, 1879 to 2026, 190,135 specimens between them.

396 collectors and expeditions17,317 days in the field3,803,657 km between stops132,409 photographed specimens

Edward Yataro Hosaka

Hawaiʻi Island · Dec 1931 – Jan 1932

Edward Yataro Hosaka in Hawaiʻi Island, December 1931 – January 1932

154 specimens · 8 stops · 14 days · 67 km

T.R. Herat

Oʻahu · 11–29 Aug 1972

T.R. Herat in Oʻahu, 11–29 August 1972

120 specimens · 13 stops · 19 days · 268 km

W. Law

4 islands · Feb – Apr 2009

W. Law across 4 islands, February – April 2009

112 specimens · 14 stops · 44 days · 9,392 km

Seymour H. Sohmer

3 islands of the United States · May – Jul 1970

Seymour H. Sohmer in Kauaʻi, Oʻahu and Hawaiʻi Island, May – July 1970

111 specimens · 13 stops · 60 days · 1,246 km

R.C. Gardner

6 islands of the United States · Jan – Feb 1974

R.C. Gardner across 6 islands of the United States, January – February 1974

89 specimens · 24 stops · 54 days · 1,081 km

C. Corn

3 islands of the United States · Mar – Apr 1980

C. Corn in Kahoʻolawe, Hawaiʻi Island and Kauaʻi, March – April 1980

171 specimens · 5 stops · 30 days · 902 km

Maxwell S. Doty

Squaw · Jun – Sep 1940

Maxwell S. Doty in Squaw, June – September 1940

86 specimens · 31 stops · 103 days

Maxwell S. Doty

Tasmania · Jul – Sep 1957

Maxwell S. Doty in Tasmania, July – September 1957

129 specimens · 11 stops · 45 days

Edwin Horace Bryan Jr.

14 islands · Jul – Sep 1938

Edwin Horace Bryan Jr. across 14 islands, July – September 1938

131 specimens · 17 stops · 49 days · 11,700 km

G.R. Ewart III

Maui and Oʻahu · Dec 1928 – Jan 1929

G.R. Ewart III in Maui and Oʻahu, December 1928 – January 1929

136 specimens · 7 stops · 38 days · 247 km

Steven L. Montgomery

5 islands of the United States · May – Sep 1987

Steven L. Montgomery across 5 islands of the United States, May – September 1987

89 specimens · 15 stops · 102 days · 1,657 km

M.A. Evans

3 islands of the United States · Jun – Jul 1990

M.A. Evans in Molokaʻi, Oʻahu and Maui, June – July 1990

142 specimens · 8 stops · 35 days · 100 km

D'Alte A. Welch

Kauaʻi · 1–28 Sep 1931

D'Alte A. Welch in Kauaʻi, 1–28 September 1931

260 specimens · 2 stops · 28 days · 67 km

Joseph F. Rock

4 islands of the United States · Jan – Mar 1920

Joseph F. Rock across 4 islands of the United States, January – March 1920

107 specimens · 12 stops · 42 days · 445 km

Marie Catherine Neal

Hawaiʻi Island and Kauaʻi · 1–30 Aug 1929

Marie Catherine Neal in Hawaiʻi Island and Kauaʻi, 1–30 August 1929

111 specimens · 12 stops · 30 days · 450 km

Benjamin C. Stone

Kauaʻi and Oʻahu · Dec 1956 – Jan 1957

Benjamin C. Stone in Kauaʻi and Oʻahu, December 1956 – January 1957

156 specimens · 7 stops · 12 days

Otto Degener

Maui · Jul – Aug 1939

Otto Degener in Maui, July – August 1939

99 specimens · 16 stops · 38 days · 339 km

Joseph F. Rock

Hawaiʻi Island and Oʻahu · Feb – Apr 1957

Joseph F. Rock in Hawaiʻi Island and Oʻahu, February – April 1957

96 specimens · 16 stops · 58 days · 908 km

Steven Perlman

Kauaʻi and Maui · Apr – Sep 2014

Steven Perlman in Kauaʻi and Maui, April – September 2014

73 specimens · 22 stops · 161 days · 1,352 km

Erling Christophersen

3 islands · Dec 1931 – Feb 1932

Erling Christophersen in Tutuila, Oʻahu and Upolu, December 1931 – February 1932

148 specimens · 8 stops · 47 days · 8,662 km

Steven Perlman

6 islands · Apr – Jul 2004

Steven Perlman across 6 islands, April – July 2004

114 specimens · 22 stops · 110 days · 9,780 km

H.A. Woolford

4 islands of the United States · 1–31 Dec 1954

H.A. Woolford across 4 islands of the United States, 1–31 December 1954

116 specimens · 10 stops · 31 days

Earl T. Ozaki

Hawaiʻi Island · 1–31 Dec 1954

Earl T. Ozaki in Hawaiʻi Island, 1–31 December 1954

117 specimens · 11 stops · 31 days

L.K. Croft

Hawaiʻi Island · Jun – Aug 1977

L.K. Croft in Hawaiʻi Island, June – August 1977

123 specimens · 7 stops · 56 days

How a journey is found

Every specimen with a full date (year, month and day; a bare “1 January” is treated as a missing day) and a named collector is a diary entry. For each collector the days are read in order, each day given the place most of its labels name. The place where a collector spent more than forty percent of their days, and at least sixty of them, is home: days there are left out.

A gap of more than 21 days between collecting days ends one journey and begins the next. A journey must run five to four hundred days, hold at least forty specimens and touch at least two places. Within it, consecutive days inside the same or a neighbouring tenth-of-a-degree cell (about eleven kilometres) are one stop; the stop’s point is the mean of its labels’ coordinates, or the island’s centre when none carry any.

Companions are collectors whose own labels put them in the same cell on the same days. Staff can name a journey, write about it, feature it or hide it; those words survive every rebuild. Everything else is read off the specimens and rebuilt by harvest.mjs expeditions as the records improve.