Bishop MuseumExplore

Journeys

The expeditions, reassembled

Every dated label is a diary entry. Read a collector’s labels in order and the voyage comes back: the islands in sequence, the days at each, the specimens from every stop. 1,039 journeys so far, 1879 to 2026, 190,135 specimens between them.

396 collectors and expeditions17,317 days in the field3,803,657 km between stops132,409 photographed specimens

Steven L. Montgomery

Hawaiʻi Island and Lānaʻi · Jun – Aug 1971

Steven L. Montgomery in Hawaiʻi Island and Lānaʻi, June – August 1971

63 specimens · 16 stops · 77 days · 235 km

M.L. Lohman

Molokaʻi and Oʻahu · Oct – Dec 1948

M.L. Lohman in Molokaʻi and Oʻahu, October – December 1948

117 specimens · 15 stops · 75 days · 164 km

Gunder E. Olson

Maui · Jun – Aug 1937

Gunder E. Olson in Maui, June – August 1937

70 specimens · 12 stops · 66 days · 148 km

Pakki A. Reath

Kauaʻi · 11–16 Nov 2002

Pakki A. Reath in Kauaʻi, 11–16 November 2002

294 specimens · 4 stops · 6 days · 170 km

W.C. Fleming

Maui and Molokaʻi · Mar – Apr 1959

W.C. Fleming in Maui and Molokaʻi, March – April 1959

104 specimens · 8 stops · 11 days · 379 km

Otto Herman Swezey

3 islands of the United States · Mar – Jul 1920

Otto Herman Swezey in Oʻahu, Maui and Kauaʻi, March – July 1920

103 specimens · 19 stops · 129 days · 191 km

Edward Yataro Hosaka

Maui and Molokaʻi · 8–24 Apr 1937

Edward Yataro Hosaka in Maui and Molokaʻi, 8–24 April 1937

93 specimens · 9 stops · 17 days · 286 km

Warren L. Wagner Jr.

3 islands of the United States · Jul – Aug 1983

Warren L. Wagner Jr. in Hawaiʻi Island, Molokaʻi and Maui, July – August 1983

102 specimens · 8 stops · 10 days · 224 km

Derral R. Herbst

Oʻahu · Dec 1989 – Mar 1990

Derral R. Herbst in Oʻahu, December 1989 – March 1990

67 specimens · 13 stops · 78 days · 253 km

Kenneth M. Nagata

4 islands of the United States · May – Jul 1979

Kenneth M. Nagata across 4 islands of the United States, May – July 1979

80 specimens · 12 stops · 44 days · 1,220 km

Wayne N. Takeuchi

Kauaʻi and Oʻahu · Sep – Dec 1982

Wayne N. Takeuchi in Kauaʻi and Oʻahu, September – December 1982

79 specimens · 8 stops · 68 days · 254 km

R.L. Stemmermann

4 islands · Feb – Apr 1977

R.L. Stemmermann across 4 islands, February – April 1977

85 specimens · 13 stops · 62 days · 5,427 km

Maxwell S. Doty

3 islands · 1–28 Aug 1955

Maxwell S. Doty in Maui, Hawaiʻi Island and Yoron Island, 1–28 August 1955

94 specimens · 8 stops · 28 days · 397 km

Warren L. Wagner Jr.

Kauaʻi · 26–31 Aug 1983

Warren L. Wagner Jr. in Kauaʻi, 26–31 August 1983

131 specimens · 5 stops · 6 days

Otto Degener

Lānaʻi and Hawaiʻi Island · Jan – Mar 1964

Otto Degener in Lānaʻi and Hawaiʻi Island, January – March 1964

88 specimens · 6 stops · 59 days · 85 km

M. Kiehn

5 islands of the United States · Jul – Sep 1990

M. Kiehn across 5 islands of the United States, July – September 1990

60 specimens · 16 stops · 65 days · 1,646 km

W.H. Hatheway

Hawaiʻi Island and Maui · Oct – Nov 1950

W.H. Hatheway in Hawaiʻi Island and Maui, October – November 1950

69 specimens · 15 stops · 33 days · 226 km

F. Raymond Fosberg

4 islands · Aug – Sep 1961

F. Raymond Fosberg across 4 islands, August – September 1961

70 specimens · 13 stops · 34 days · 462 km

R. Gustafson

3 islands of the United States · Jul – Aug 1983

R. Gustafson in Hawaiʻi Island, Molokaʻi and Maui, July – August 1983

98 specimens · 8 stops · 10 days · 223 km

Edwin Horace Bryan Jr.

Kahoʻolawe and Maui · 1–19 Feb 1931

Edwin Horace Bryan Jr. in Kahoʻolawe and Maui, 1–19 February 1931

102 specimens · 9 stops · 19 days · 26 km

L. Cuddihy Pratt

Molokaʻi · 19–31 May 1982

L. Cuddihy Pratt in Molokaʻi, 19–31 May 1982

89 specimens · 9 stops · 13 days

Isa Degener

Lānaʻi and Oʻahu · Jul – Aug 1957

Isa Degener in Lānaʻi and Oʻahu, July – August 1957

95 specimens · 7 stops · 26 days · 398 km

P.H. McEldowney

Molokaʻi · Jun – Jul 1979

P.H. McEldowney in Molokaʻi, June – July 1979

83 specimens · 9 stops · 34 days · 31 km

R.L. Stemmermann

Oʻahu and Maui · Oct – Nov 1976

R.L. Stemmermann in Oʻahu and Maui, October – November 1976

97 specimens · 6 stops · 28 days · 176 km

How a journey is found

Every specimen with a full date (year, month and day; a bare “1 January” is treated as a missing day) and a named collector is a diary entry. For each collector the days are read in order, each day given the place most of its labels name. The place where a collector spent more than forty percent of their days, and at least sixty of them, is home: days there are left out.

A gap of more than 21 days between collecting days ends one journey and begins the next. A journey must run five to four hundred days, hold at least forty specimens and touch at least two places. Within it, consecutive days inside the same or a neighbouring tenth-of-a-degree cell (about eleven kilometres) are one stop; the stop’s point is the mean of its labels’ coordinates, or the island’s centre when none carry any.

Companions are collectors whose own labels put them in the same cell on the same days. Staff can name a journey, write about it, feature it or hide it; those words survive every rebuild. Everything else is read off the specimens and rebuilt by harvest.mjs expeditions as the records improve.