Journeys
The expeditions, reassembled
Every dated label is a diary entry. Read a collector’s labels in order and the voyage comes back: the islands in sequence, the days at each, the specimens from every stop. 1,039 journeys so far, 1879 to 2026, 190,135 specimens between them.
396 collectors and expeditions17,317 days in the field3,803,657 km between stops132,409 photographed specimens
1,039 journeys match
W. Teraoka
3 islands · May – Aug 1980
W. Teraoka in Oʻahu, Savaii and Upolu, May – August 198066 specimens · 17 stops · 85 days · 4,343 km
W.C. Martin
3 islands of the United States · Jul – Aug 1983
W.C. Martin in Hawaiʻi Island, Molokaʻi and Maui, July – August 198392 specimens · 8 stops · 10 days · 223 km
George W. Staples III
Hawaiʻi Island · Jan – Feb 2007
George W. Staples III in Hawaiʻi Island, January – February 200770 specimens · 10 stops · 38 days · 495 km
A. Nether
Oʻahu · Dec 1989 – Jan 1990
A. Nether in Oʻahu, December 1989 – January 1990136 specimens · 7 stops · 44 days
G.J. Spence
4 islands of the United States · Oct – Dec 1972
G.J. Spence across 4 islands of the United States, October – December 197255 specimens · 15 stops · 75 days · 1,315 km
Steven L. Montgomery
Kauaʻi and Oʻahu · May – Sep 1970
Steven L. Montgomery in Kauaʻi and Oʻahu, May – September 197052 specimens · 23 stops · 107 days · 763 km
C. Corn
Molokaʻi and Kauaʻi · Apr – May 1982
C. Corn in Molokaʻi and Kauaʻi, April – May 1982103 specimens · 5 stops · 24 days · 293 km
Harold St.John
Oʻahu · Mar – Jun 1941
Harold St.John in Oʻahu, March – June 194163 specimens · 11 stops · 71 days
Edward Leonard Caum
7 islands · 1–28 Apr 1923
Edward Leonard Caum across 7 islands, 1–28 April 192378 specimens · 10 stops · 28 days · 2,863 km
Nengah Wirawan
Oʻahu · 12–23 Aug 1972
Nengah Wirawan in Oʻahu, 12–23 August 197283 specimens · 9 stops · 12 days
G.W. Gillett
the United States · Jul – Aug 1957
G.W. Gillett in the United States, July – August 195788 specimens · 5 stops · 51 days
van Balgooy
Oʻahu and Kauaʻi · May – Jun 1982
van Balgooy in Oʻahu and Kauaʻi, May – June 198291 specimens · 7 stops · 13 days · 509 km
Y. Iwasaki
Hawaiʻi Island · Jan – Apr 1930
Y. Iwasaki in Hawaiʻi Island, January – April 193053 specimens · 16 stops · 103 days · 99 km
F. Raymond Fosberg
3 islands · Jan – Feb 1983
F. Raymond Fosberg in North Island, South Island and Hawaiʻi Island, January – February 198360 specimens · 15 stops · 36 days · 19,213 km
Isa Degener
Lānaʻi and Hawaiʻi Island · Jan – Feb 1964
Isa Degener in Lānaʻi and Hawaiʻi Island, January – February 196477 specimens · 8 stops · 27 days · 247 km
Otto Degener
Oʻahu · Jan – May 1938
Otto Degener in Oʻahu, January – May 193855 specimens · 14 stops · 109 days
H.L. Lyon
Hawaiʻi Island · Jan – Mar 1908
H.L. Lyon in Hawaiʻi Island, January – March 190863 specimens · 11 stops · 71 days · 222 km
Fred W. Ball
11 islands of the United States · 5–25 Jul 1977
Fred W. Ball across 11 islands of the United States, 5–25 July 197773 specimens · 10 stops · 21 days · 1,615 km
Maxwell S. Doty
6 islands · Nov 1975 – Mar 1976
Maxwell S. Doty across 6 islands, November 1975 – March 197661 specimens · 13 stops · 131 days · 16,972 km
K.L. Marr
3 islands of the United States · Apr – Aug 1988
K.L. Marr in Oʻahu, Kauaʻi and Hawaiʻi Island, April – August 198850 specimens · 16 stops · 107 days · 1,706 km
Y. Nitta
Oʻahu · May – Jul 1932
Y. Nitta in Oʻahu, May – July 193272 specimens · 8 stops · 52 days
G.J. Spence
Molokaʻi and Lānaʻi · Mar – Apr 1976
G.J. Spence in Molokaʻi and Lānaʻi, March – April 197697 specimens · 5 stops · 25 days · 166 km
Maxwell S. Doty
4 islands of the United States · Oct – Dec 1955
Maxwell S. Doty across 4 islands of the United States, October – December 195578 specimens · 10 stops · 80 days · 1,239 km
E.M. Fahey
Penikese · Jul – Sep 1947
E.M. Fahey in Penikese, July – September 194765 specimens · 10 stops · 74 days
How a journey is found
Every specimen with a full date (year, month and day; a bare “1 January” is treated as a missing day) and a named collector is a diary entry. For each collector the days are read in order, each day given the place most of its labels name. The place where a collector spent more than forty percent of their days, and at least sixty of them, is home: days there are left out.
A gap of more than 21 days between collecting days ends one journey and begins the next. A journey must run five to four hundred days, hold at least forty specimens and touch at least two places. Within it, consecutive days inside the same or a neighbouring tenth-of-a-degree cell (about eleven kilometres) are one stop; the stop’s point is the mean of its labels’ coordinates, or the island’s centre when none carry any.
Companions are collectors whose own labels put them in the same cell on the same days. Staff can name a journey, write about it, feature it or hide it; those words survive every rebuild. Everything else is read off the specimens and rebuilt by harvest.mjs expeditions as the records improve.
