Bishop MuseumExplore

Journeys

The expeditions, reassembled

Every dated label is a diary entry. Read a collector’s labels in order and the voyage comes back: the islands in sequence, the days at each, the specimens from every stop. 1,039 journeys so far, 1879 to 2026, 190,135 specimens between them.

396 collectors and expeditions17,317 days in the field3,803,657 km between stops132,409 photographed specimens

Takamoto

Oʻahu · Feb – May 1936

Takamoto in Oʻahu, February – May 1936

53 specimens · 14 stops · 101 days

F.R. Warshauer

Kauaʻi and Molokaʻi · May – Jun 1981

F.R. Warshauer in Kauaʻi and Molokaʻi, May – June 1981

62 specimens · 15 stops · 44 days · 236 km

Otto Herman Swezey

3 islands of the United States · May – Jul 1932

Otto Herman Swezey in Kauaʻi, Oʻahu and Molokaʻi, May – July 1932

69 specimens · 23 stops · 54 days · 540 km

R. Gay

Hawaiʻi Island · Jul – Aug 1971

R. Gay in Hawaiʻi Island, July – August 1971

65 specimens · 12 stops · 26 days

Otto Degener

15 islands · May – Aug 1982

Otto Degener across 15 islands, May – August 1982

71 specimens · 26 stops · 89 days · 26,628 km

K.N. Page

6 islands of the United States · 14–30 Jul 2003

K.N. Page across 6 islands of the United States, 14–30 July 2003

85 specimens · 7 stops · 17 days · 1,262 km

Paul K. Higashino

4 islands of the United States · Feb – Mar 1975

Paul K. Higashino across 4 islands of the United States, February – March 1975

86 specimens · 11 stops · 51 days · 498 km

Philip Weber

Oʻahu · Oct 1947 – Jan 1948

Philip Weber in Oʻahu, October 1947 – January 1948

90 specimens · 14 stops · 96 days

Walter M. Giffard

Hawaiʻi Island · Aug – Sep 1919

Walter M. Giffard in Hawaiʻi Island, August – September 1919

105 specimens · 14 stops · 44 days

Erling Christophersen

Oʻahu · Apr – May 1932

Erling Christophersen in Oʻahu, April – May 1932

111 specimens · 4 stops · 12 days · 308 km

Maxwell S. Doty

5 islands · Jan – May 1959

Maxwell S. Doty across 5 islands, January – May 1959

70 specimens · 17 stops · 110 days · 10,865 km

Otto Degener

Oʻahu · May – Jul 1923

Otto Degener in Oʻahu, May – July 1923

56 specimens · 13 stops · 57 days · 979 km

K. Faccenda

Hawaiʻi Island · Feb – Mar 2022

K. Faccenda in Hawaiʻi Island, February – March 2022

97 specimens · 7 stops · 7 days

L.D. Whiteaker

3 islands · May – Aug 1980

L.D. Whiteaker in Oʻahu, Savaii and Upolu, May – August 1980

62 specimens · 16 stops · 82 days · 4,343 km

Derral R. Herbst

Kauaʻi and Maui · Nov 1972 – Feb 1973

Derral R. Herbst in Kauaʻi and Maui, November 1972 – February 1973

58 specimens · 11 stops · 79 days · 768 km

M.S. Kim

Maui and Oʻahu · Dec 2000 – Feb 2001

M.S. Kim in Maui and Oʻahu, December 2000 – February 2001

152 specimens · 4 stops · 45 days · 68 km

Benjamin C. Stone

Hawaiʻi Island and Oʻahu · 1–13 Aug 1959

Benjamin C. Stone in Hawaiʻi Island and Oʻahu, 1–13 August 1959

76 specimens · 9 stops · 13 days · 35 km

S.G. Weller

3 islands of the United States · Jun – Jul 1985

S.G. Weller in Hawaiʻi Island, Lānaʻi and Maui, June – July 1985

74 specimens · 10 stops · 14 days · 289 km

William Alanson Bryan

Oʻahu · Nov 1903 – Jan 1904

William Alanson Bryan in Oʻahu, November 1903 – January 1904

65 specimens · 8 stops · 59 days · 252 km

M. Tsuneshige

Oʻahu · Jan – May 2022

M. Tsuneshige in Oʻahu, January – May 2022

54 specimens · 13 stops · 112 days

Harold St.John

Kauaʻi and Oʻahu · Dec 1956 – Jan 1957

Harold St.John in Kauaʻi and Oʻahu, December 1956 – January 1957

84 specimens · 8 stops · 14 days

Steven Perlman

Kauaʻi · Jul – Sep 1979

Steven Perlman in Kauaʻi, July – September 1979

68 specimens · 10 stops · 78 days

William J. Hoe

Hawaiʻi Island · 11–17 Jun 1972

William J. Hoe in Hawaiʻi Island, 11–17 June 1972

108 specimens · 5 stops · 7 days

Otto Degener

4 islands · Jan – Feb 1958

Otto Degener across 4 islands, January – February 1958

84 specimens · 20 stops · 41 days · 13,268 km

How a journey is found

Every specimen with a full date (year, month and day; a bare “1 January” is treated as a missing day) and a named collector is a diary entry. For each collector the days are read in order, each day given the place most of its labels name. The place where a collector spent more than forty percent of their days, and at least sixty of them, is home: days there are left out.

A gap of more than 21 days between collecting days ends one journey and begins the next. A journey must run five to four hundred days, hold at least forty specimens and touch at least two places. Within it, consecutive days inside the same or a neighbouring tenth-of-a-degree cell (about eleven kilometres) are one stop; the stop’s point is the mean of its labels’ coordinates, or the island’s centre when none carry any.

Companions are collectors whose own labels put them in the same cell on the same days. Staff can name a journey, write about it, feature it or hide it; those words survive every rebuild. Everything else is read off the specimens and rebuilt by harvest.mjs expeditions as the records improve.