Bishop MuseumExplore

Journeys

The expeditions, reassembled

Every dated label is a diary entry. Read a collector’s labels in order and the voyage comes back: the islands in sequence, the days at each, the specimens from every stop. 1,039 journeys so far, 1879 to 2026, 190,135 specimens between them.

396 collectors and expeditions17,317 days in the field3,803,657 km between stops132,409 photographed specimens

G.J. Spence

Lānaʻi and Oʻahu · Sep – Oct 1973

G.J. Spence in Lānaʻi and Oʻahu, September – October 1973

87 specimens · 4 stops · 49 days · 77 km

C.H. Lamoureux

4 islands · 6–17 Dec 1962

C.H. Lamoureux across 4 islands, 6–17 December 1962

93 specimens · 6 stops · 12 days

H.A. Miller

3 islands of the United States · Nov 1952 – Feb 1953

H.A. Miller in Kauaʻi, Oʻahu and Molokaʻi, November 1952 – February 1953

56 specimens · 15 stops · 82 days · 608 km

Isa Degener

4 islands · Jan – Feb 1958

Isa Degener across 4 islands, January – February 1958

79 specimens · 20 stops · 41 days · 13,268 km

Isa Degener

14 islands · May – Aug 1982

Isa Degener across 14 islands, May – August 1982

66 specimens · 25 stops · 81 days · 26,529 km

J.R. Johansen

Oʻahu and Kauaʻi · 20–30 Jul 2009

J.R. Johansen in Oʻahu and Kauaʻi, 20–30 July 2009

131 specimens · 9 stops · 11 days · 653 km

K. Shultz

Oʻahu and Kauaʻi · 4–27 Apr 2001

K. Shultz in Oʻahu and Kauaʻi, 4–27 April 2001

201 specimens · 3 stops · 24 days · 184 km

van Royen

the United States · Jul – Aug 1973

van Royen in the United States, July – August 1973

97 specimens · 17 stops · 27 days

Charles N. Forbes

3 islands of the United States · Oct 1910 – Jan 1911

Charles N. Forbes in Oʻahu, Maui and Kauaʻi, October 1910 – January 1911

48 specimens · 16 stops · 97 days · 1,320 km

Otto Degener

Oʻahu · Jan – Jun 1933

Otto Degener in Oʻahu, January – June 1933

41 specimens · 17 stops · 136 days · 1,199 km

Steven Perlman

4 islands of the United States · Apr – Jul 2012

Steven Perlman across 4 islands of the United States, April – July 2012

47 specimens · 14 stops · 84 days · 1,122 km

A.K. Sakai

3 islands of the United States · Jun – Jul 1985

A.K. Sakai in Hawaiʻi Island, Lānaʻi and Maui, June – July 1985

70 specimens · 9 stops · 14 days · 289 km

Isa Degener

Kauaʻi · Sep – Oct 1955

Isa Degener in Kauaʻi, September – October 1955

59 specimens · 10 stops · 31 days · 126 km

E.A. Bessey

Hawaiʻi Island and Maui · 1–29 Jun 1940

E.A. Bessey in Hawaiʻi Island and Maui, 1–29 June 1940

106 specimens · 13 stops · 29 days · 325 km

Harold St.John

3 islands · Mar – Apr 1949

Harold St.John in Niʻihau, Nihoa and Enewetak Atoll, March – April 1949

101 specimens · 4 stops · 14 days · 4,437 km

A.A. Tam

Maui and Molokaʻi · 1–30 Mar 1952

A.A. Tam in Maui and Molokaʻi, 1–30 March 1952

78 specimens · 6 stops · 30 days · 204 km

Steven Perlman

4 islands · Mar – May 2007

Steven Perlman across 4 islands, March – May 2007

77 specimens · 9 stops · 50 days · 5,611 km

F. Salucop

Maui · Jul – Aug 1939

F. Salucop in Maui, July – August 1939

58 specimens · 10 stops · 36 days · 189 km

F. Raymond Fosberg

4 islands · Dec 1957 – Jan 1958

F. Raymond Fosberg across 4 islands, December 1957 – January 1958

61 specimens · 17 stops · 32 days · 36,429 km

Earl T. Ozaki

3 islands of the United States · Dec 1953 – Jan 1954

Earl T. Ozaki in Molokaʻi, Kauaʻi and Hawaiʻi Island, December 1953 – January 1954

103 specimens · 5 stops · 11 days · 710 km

Lynette Williams

Molokaʻi · Dec 1938 – Jan 1939

Lynette Williams in Molokaʻi, December 1938 – January 1939

97 specimens · 4 stops · 15 days · 37 km

R.L. Stemmermann

Hawaiʻi Island and Maui · Mar – Jul 1980

R.L. Stemmermann in Hawaiʻi Island and Maui, March – July 1980

41 specimens · 18 stops · 132 days · 766 km

R.L. Stemmermann

Hawaiʻi Island and Maui · 7–28 Apr 1984

R.L. Stemmermann in Hawaiʻi Island and Maui, 7–28 April 1984

91 specimens · 4 stops · 22 days

W.H. Hatheway

Kauaʻi · Jan – Feb 1950

W.H. Hatheway in Kauaʻi, January – February 1950

73 specimens · 8 stops · 12 days

How a journey is found

Every specimen with a full date (year, month and day; a bare “1 January” is treated as a missing day) and a named collector is a diary entry. For each collector the days are read in order, each day given the place most of its labels name. The place where a collector spent more than forty percent of their days, and at least sixty of them, is home: days there are left out.

A gap of more than 21 days between collecting days ends one journey and begins the next. A journey must run five to four hundred days, hold at least forty specimens and touch at least two places. Within it, consecutive days inside the same or a neighbouring tenth-of-a-degree cell (about eleven kilometres) are one stop; the stop’s point is the mean of its labels’ coordinates, or the island’s centre when none carry any.

Companions are collectors whose own labels put them in the same cell on the same days. Staff can name a journey, write about it, feature it or hide it; those words survive every rebuild. Everything else is read off the specimens and rebuilt by harvest.mjs expeditions as the records improve.