Bishop MuseumExplore

Journeys

The expeditions, reassembled

Every dated label is a diary entry. Read a collector’s labels in order and the voyage comes back: the islands in sequence, the days at each, the specimens from every stop. 1,039 journeys so far, 1879 to 2026, 190,135 specimens between them.

396 collectors and expeditions17,317 days in the field3,803,657 km between stops132,409 photographed specimens

L.M. Giuseffi

Molokaʻi and Oʻahu · Aug – Sep 2007

L.M. Giuseffi in Molokaʻi and Oʻahu, August – September 2007

169 specimens · 2 stops · 22 days · 92 km

V.O. Fosberg

Oʻahu · Mar – May 1937

V.O. Fosberg in Oʻahu, March – May 1937

49 specimens · 8 stops · 71 days

K. Faccenda

Kauaʻi · May – Jun 2022

K. Faccenda in Kauaʻi, May – June 2022

74 specimens · 6 stops · 7 days

Pakki A. Reath

Hawaiʻi Island · 23–28 Jun 2003

Pakki A. Reath in Hawaiʻi Island, 23–28 June 2003

258 specimens · 2 stops · 6 days

Michael Martinez

Oʻahu · Mar – Apr 1936

Michael Martinez in Oʻahu, March – April 1936

50 specimens · 9 stops · 39 days · 294 km

Paul K. Higashino

Oʻahu and Kahoʻolawe · Oct – Nov 1976

Paul K. Higashino in Oʻahu and Kahoʻolawe, October – November 1976

67 specimens · 5 stops · 28 days · 151 km

J.C. Lindsay

Kauaʻi · Dec 1930 – Jan 1931

J.C. Lindsay in Kauaʻi, December 1930 – January 1931

59 specimens · 8 stops · 15 days

W. Wong

Kauaʻi · Dec 1930 – Jan 1931

W. Wong in Kauaʻi, December 1930 – January 1931

59 specimens · 8 stops · 15 days

R. Masuhara

Kauaʻi · Dec 1930 – Jan 1931

R. Masuhara in Kauaʻi, December 1930 – January 1931

59 specimens · 8 stops · 15 days

Paul K. Higashino

Maui · Dec 1975 – Jan 1976

Paul K. Higashino in Maui, December 1975 – January 1976

84 specimens · 4 stops · 10 days · 58 km

Harry G. Lee

4 islands of the United States · Oct – Dec 1925

Harry G. Lee across 4 islands of the United States, October – December 1925

48 specimens · 9 stops · 62 days · 1,105 km

John W. Gillespie

Oʻahu · 1–8 Jul 1927

John W. Gillespie in Oʻahu, 1–8 July 1927

86 specimens · 4 stops · 8 days

K.E. Schlech

Oʻahu and Kauaʻi · Jan – May 1980

K.E. Schlech in Oʻahu and Kauaʻi, January – May 1980

44 specimens · 10 stops · 131 days · 432 km

R.L. Stemmermann

Oʻahu · Mar – May 1973

R.L. Stemmermann in Oʻahu, March – May 1973

65 specimens · 16 stops · 49 days

Noel Louis Hilmer Krauss

5 islands · Feb – Apr 1964

Noel Louis Hilmer Krauss across 5 islands, February – April 1964

52 specimens · 8 stops · 81 days · 17,676 km

Keith D.P. Wilson

3 islands of the United States · May – Jun 1994

Keith D.P. Wilson in Hawaiʻi Island, Molokaʻi and Maui, May – June 1994

55 specimens · 7 stops · 32 days · 459 km

S.W. Mill

Hawaiʻi Island · Jan – Feb 1984

S.W. Mill in Hawaiʻi Island, January – February 1984

61 specimens · 5 stops · 45 days

M. Nishimoto

Oʻahu · Mar – May 1945

M. Nishimoto in Oʻahu, March – May 1945

45 specimens · 9 stops · 71 days

Isa Degener

Oʻahu · Mar – May 1962

Isa Degener in Oʻahu, March – May 1962

46 specimens · 10 stops · 50 days · 319 km

M. Kato

Kauaʻi and Oʻahu · 16–29 Oct 1997

M. Kato in Kauaʻi and Oʻahu, 16–29 October 1997

52 specimens · 10 stops · 14 days · 254 km

C. Alevizos

Kauaʻi · 2–6 Mar 2026

C. Alevizos in Kauaʻi, 2–6 March 2026

117 specimens · 5 stops · 5 days

C. Corn

Kauaʻi · 1–19 Jun 1987

C. Corn in Kauaʻi, 1–19 June 1987

86 specimens · 3 stops · 19 days

Robert Hobdy

Kauaʻi · 6–19 Jun 1991

Robert Hobdy in Kauaʻi, 6–19 June 1991

94 specimens · 3 stops · 14 days

Donald P. Abbott

Maui · Aug – Sep 1976

Donald P. Abbott in Maui, August – September 1976

70 specimens · 5 stops · 15 days · 369 km

How a journey is found

Every specimen with a full date (year, month and day; a bare “1 January” is treated as a missing day) and a named collector is a diary entry. For each collector the days are read in order, each day given the place most of its labels name. The place where a collector spent more than forty percent of their days, and at least sixty of them, is home: days there are left out.

A gap of more than 21 days between collecting days ends one journey and begins the next. A journey must run five to four hundred days, hold at least forty specimens and touch at least two places. Within it, consecutive days inside the same or a neighbouring tenth-of-a-degree cell (about eleven kilometres) are one stop; the stop’s point is the mean of its labels’ coordinates, or the island’s centre when none carry any.

Companions are collectors whose own labels put them in the same cell on the same days. Staff can name a journey, write about it, feature it or hide it; those words survive every rebuild. Everything else is read off the specimens and rebuilt by harvest.mjs expeditions as the records improve.