Bishop MuseumExplore

Journeys

The expeditions, reassembled

Every dated label is a diary entry. Read a collector’s labels in order and the voyage comes back: the islands in sequence, the days at each, the specimens from every stop. 1,039 journeys so far, 1879 to 2026, 190,135 specimens between them.

396 collectors and expeditions17,317 days in the field3,803,657 km between stops132,409 photographed specimens

Maxwell S. Doty

the United States · 2–9 Jul 1944

Maxwell S. Doty in the United States, 2–9 July 1944

71 specimens · 8 stops · 8 days

J. Sand

Oʻahu · Nov – Dec 2014

J. Sand in Oʻahu, November – December 2014

56 specimens · 6 stops · 36 days · 528 km

C.E. Hartt

Oʻahu · Jun – Jul 1936

C.E. Hartt in Oʻahu, June – July 1936

65 specimens · 4 stops · 56 days · 336 km

J.C. Lindsay

Hawaiʻi Island · 21–29 Dec 1931

J.C. Lindsay in Hawaiʻi Island, 21–29 December 1931

68 specimens · 6 stops · 9 days

F. Raymond Fosberg

7 islands · May – Jun 1985

F. Raymond Fosberg across 7 islands, May – June 1985

65 specimens · 10 stops · 35 days · 36,228 km

J.W. Coulter

Hawaiʻi Island · 21–31 Dec 1931

J.W. Coulter in Hawaiʻi Island, 21–31 December 1931

71 specimens · 5 stops · 11 days

D.E. Yen

3 islands · Jul – Aug 1969

D.E. Yen in Futuna Island, 'Alofi Island and Molokaʻi, July – August 1969

139 specimens · 2 stops · 7 days

Joseph F. Rock

Hawaiʻi Island and Oʻahu · 1–29 Dec 1955

Joseph F. Rock in Hawaiʻi Island and Oʻahu, 1–29 December 1955

57 specimens · 7 stops · 29 days · 459 km

L.M. Hodgson

3 islands of the United States · Jan – Mar 2000

L.M. Hodgson in Oʻahu, Maui and Midway Atoll, January – March 2000

42 specimens · 10 stops · 64 days · 2,463 km

Noel Louis Hilmer Krauss

7 islands · Jan – Mar 1960

Noel Louis Hilmer Krauss across 7 islands, January – March 1960

57 specimens · 7 stops · 58 days · 16,910 km

K. Ruis

Oʻahu · May – Aug 2024

K. Ruis in Oʻahu, May – August 2024

41 specimens · 10 stops · 86 days

John W. Beardsley

Laysan and Nihoa · Jun – Jul 1962

John W. Beardsley in Laysan and Nihoa, June – July 1962

105 specimens · 6 stops · 31 days · 1,046 km

W.L. Stern

Kauaʻi and Oʻahu · 1–14 Aug 1961

W.L. Stern in Kauaʻi and Oʻahu, 1–14 August 1961

75 specimens · 4 stops · 14 days · 137 km

J.R. Shevock

Kauaʻi · 24–29 Sep 2014

J.R. Shevock in Kauaʻi, 24–29 September 2014

92 specimens · 5 stops · 6 days

W.Z. Ma

Kauaʻi · 24–29 Sep 2014

W.Z. Ma in Kauaʻi, 24–29 September 2014

92 specimens · 5 stops · 6 days

M.L. Lohman

Maui and Oʻahu · 1–30 Dec 1951

M.L. Lohman in Maui and Oʻahu, 1–30 December 1951

61 specimens · 13 stops · 30 days · 298 km

Noel Louis Hilmer Krauss

5 islands · Jan – Feb 1961

Noel Louis Hilmer Krauss across 5 islands, January – February 1961

49 specimens · 14 stops · 40 days · 5,401 km

Robert Hobdy

Molokaʻi and Lānaʻi · Mar – Apr 1985

Robert Hobdy in Molokaʻi and Lānaʻi, March – April 1985

48 specimens · 8 stops · 36 days · 215 km

S.P. Carper

Oʻahu · 11–16 May 1988

S.P. Carper in Oʻahu, 11–16 May 1988

136 specimens · 2 stops · 6 days

Maxwell S. Doty

the United States · Dec 1941 – Mar 1942

Maxwell S. Doty in the United States, December 1941 – March 1942

53 specimens · 11 stops · 76 days

F. Salucop

Oʻahu · Feb – Apr 1937

F. Salucop in Oʻahu, February – April 1937

47 specimens · 8 stops · 52 days

Seymour H. Sohmer

Maui and Oʻahu · Aug – Sep 1970

Seymour H. Sohmer in Maui and Oʻahu, August – September 1970

59 specimens · 7 stops · 21 days · 135 km

A.V. Freire

Maui · Feb – Mar 2023

A.V. Freire in Maui, February – March 2023

150 specimens · 3 stops · 23 days

David Palmer

Hawaiʻi Island and Maui · Jun – Jul 1991

David Palmer in Hawaiʻi Island and Maui, June – July 1991

45 specimens · 9 stops · 42 days · 376 km

How a journey is found

Every specimen with a full date (year, month and day; a bare “1 January” is treated as a missing day) and a named collector is a diary entry. For each collector the days are read in order, each day given the place most of its labels name. The place where a collector spent more than forty percent of their days, and at least sixty of them, is home: days there are left out.

A gap of more than 21 days between collecting days ends one journey and begins the next. A journey must run five to four hundred days, hold at least forty specimens and touch at least two places. Within it, consecutive days inside the same or a neighbouring tenth-of-a-degree cell (about eleven kilometres) are one stop; the stop’s point is the mean of its labels’ coordinates, or the island’s centre when none carry any.

Companions are collectors whose own labels put them in the same cell on the same days. Staff can name a journey, write about it, feature it or hide it; those words survive every rebuild. Everything else is read off the specimens and rebuilt by harvest.mjs expeditions as the records improve.