Bishop MuseumExplore

Journeys

The expeditions, reassembled

Every dated label is a diary entry. Read a collector’s labels in order and the voyage comes back: the islands in sequence, the days at each, the specimens from every stop. 1,039 journeys so far, 1879 to 2026, 190,135 specimens between them.

396 collectors and expeditions17,317 days in the field3,803,657 km between stops132,409 photographed specimens

van Royen

3 countries · Jun – Aug 1979

van Royen in the Netherlands, the United States and Australia, June – August 1979

48 specimens · 8 stops · 44 days

L. Stewart

the United States · Apr – Jul 2009

L. Stewart in the United States, April – July 2009

45 specimens · 8 stops · 71 days · 452 km

R. Gustafson

Molokaʻi and Kauaʻi · 17–23 Jul 1984

R. Gustafson in Molokaʻi and Kauaʻi, 17–23 July 1984

45 specimens · 4 stops · 7 days · 239 km

J.K. Small

the United States · 1–21 Apr 1893

J.K. Small in the United States, 1–21 April 1893

44 specimens · 3 stops · 21 days

Timothy Flynn

Maui and Molokaʻi · 14–19 Jan 2020

Timothy Flynn in Maui and Molokaʻi, 14–19 January 2020

53 specimens · 5 stops · 6 days · 102 km

J.C. Game

Maui and Molokaʻi · 14–19 Jan 2020

J.C. Game in Maui and Molokaʻi, 14–19 January 2020

53 specimens · 5 stops · 6 days · 102 km

M. Utai

Oʻahu and Hawaiʻi Island · Feb – Mar 1975

M. Utai in Oʻahu and Hawaiʻi Island, February – March 1975

42 specimens · 3 stops · 29 days

Luther E. Bishop

Molokaʻi · 19–25 Jan 1973

Luther E. Bishop in Molokaʻi, 19–25 January 1973

44 specimens · 4 stops · 7 days · 33 km

J.C.E. Riotte

Kauaʻi · Jun – Jul 1981

J.C.E. Riotte in Kauaʻi, June – July 1981

55 specimens · 6 stops · 42 days

Skippy Hau

Kahoʻolawe · 1–10 Sep 1992

Skippy Hau in Kahoʻolawe, 1–10 September 1992

51 specimens · 3 stops · 10 days

P.J. Kores

Kauaʻi · 2–9 Sep 1979

P.J. Kores in Kauaʻi, 2–9 September 1979

47 specimens · 4 stops · 8 days

G.M.N. Wong

4 islands of the United States · Dec 1984 – Jan 1985

G.M.N. Wong across 4 islands of the United States, December 1984 – January 1985

55 specimens · 8 stops · 21 days · 417 km

Townsend-Cromwell Survey TC

the United States · 14–21 Jun 2000

Townsend-Cromwell Survey TC, 14–21 June 2000

77 specimens · 5 stops · 8 days · 1,217 km

L. Frederick

Hawaiʻi Island · Dec 1946 – Jan 1947

L. Frederick in Hawaiʻi Island, December 1946 – January 1947

46 specimens · 4 stops · 6 days

P.S. Vroom

Maro Reef and Mokumanamana · 3–9 Sep 2006

P.S. Vroom in Maro Reef and Mokumanamana, 3–9 September 2006

44 specimens · 4 stops · 7 days · 655 km

E.J. Funk

Hawaiʻi Island · 1–12 Nov 1991

E.J. Funk in Hawaiʻi Island, 1–12 November 1991

47 specimens · 3 stops · 12 days

de Lappe

Kauaʻi · Mar – Apr 1987

de Lappe in Kauaʻi, March – April 1987

43 specimens · 3 stops · 22 days

K. Shultz

Hawaiʻi Island and Maui · 13–28 Sep 2000

K. Shultz in Hawaiʻi Island and Maui, 13–28 September 2000

83 specimens · 3 stops · 16 days · 352 km

C.S. English Jr.

the United States · 2–15 Aug 1925

C.S. English Jr. in the United States, 2–15 August 1925

43 specimens · 8 stops · 14 days

C.T. Imada

Kauaʻi and Maui · 2–11 Aug 2005

C.T. Imada in Kauaʻi and Maui, 2–11 August 2005

47 specimens · 3 stops · 10 days · 371 km

H.L. Oppebnheinmer

Maui · 11–15 Mar 2024

H.L. Oppebnheinmer in Maui, 11–15 March 2024

44 specimens · 4 stops · 5 days

G.J. Spence

Hawaiʻi Island · 15–19 Jul 1975

G.J. Spence in Hawaiʻi Island, 15–19 July 1975

41 specimens · 5 stops · 5 days

C.F. Puttock

3 islands of the United States · Jul – Aug 2000

C.F. Puttock in Molokaʻi, Oʻahu and Hawaiʻi Island, July – August 2000

82 specimens · 3 stops · 11 days · 592 km

Otto Herman Swezey

Oʻahu and Hawaiʻi Island · May – Jun 1919

Otto Herman Swezey in Oʻahu and Hawaiʻi Island, May – June 1919

53 specimens · 6 stops · 31 days · 232 km

How a journey is found

Every specimen with a full date (year, month and day; a bare “1 January” is treated as a missing day) and a named collector is a diary entry. For each collector the days are read in order, each day given the place most of its labels name. The place where a collector spent more than forty percent of their days, and at least sixty of them, is home: days there are left out.

A gap of more than 21 days between collecting days ends one journey and begins the next. A journey must run five to four hundred days, hold at least forty specimens and touch at least two places. Within it, consecutive days inside the same or a neighbouring tenth-of-a-degree cell (about eleven kilometres) are one stop; the stop’s point is the mean of its labels’ coordinates, or the island’s centre when none carry any.

Companions are collectors whose own labels put them in the same cell on the same days. Staff can name a journey, write about it, feature it or hide it; those words survive every rebuild. Everything else is read off the specimens and rebuilt by harvest.mjs expeditions as the records improve.