Journeys
The expeditions, reassembled
Every dated label is a diary entry. Read a collector’s labels in order and the voyage comes back: the islands in sequence, the days at each, the specimens from every stop. 1,039 journeys so far, 1879 to 2026, 190,135 specimens between them.
396 collectors and expeditions17,317 days in the field3,803,657 km between stops132,409 photographed specimens
1,039 journeys match
van Royen
3 countries · Jun – Aug 1979
van Royen in the Netherlands, the United States and Australia, June – August 197948 specimens · 8 stops · 44 days
L. Stewart
the United States · Apr – Jul 2009
L. Stewart in the United States, April – July 200945 specimens · 8 stops · 71 days · 452 km
R. Gustafson
Molokaʻi and Kauaʻi · 17–23 Jul 1984
R. Gustafson in Molokaʻi and Kauaʻi, 17–23 July 198445 specimens · 4 stops · 7 days · 239 km
J.K. Small
the United States · 1–21 Apr 1893
J.K. Small in the United States, 1–21 April 189344 specimens · 3 stops · 21 days
Timothy Flynn
Maui and Molokaʻi · 14–19 Jan 2020
Timothy Flynn in Maui and Molokaʻi, 14–19 January 202053 specimens · 5 stops · 6 days · 102 km
J.C. Game
Maui and Molokaʻi · 14–19 Jan 2020
J.C. Game in Maui and Molokaʻi, 14–19 January 202053 specimens · 5 stops · 6 days · 102 km
M. Utai
Oʻahu and Hawaiʻi Island · Feb – Mar 1975
M. Utai in Oʻahu and Hawaiʻi Island, February – March 197542 specimens · 3 stops · 29 days
Luther E. Bishop
Molokaʻi · 19–25 Jan 1973
Luther E. Bishop in Molokaʻi, 19–25 January 197344 specimens · 4 stops · 7 days · 33 km
J.C.E. Riotte
Kauaʻi · Jun – Jul 1981
J.C.E. Riotte in Kauaʻi, June – July 198155 specimens · 6 stops · 42 days
Skippy Hau
Kahoʻolawe · 1–10 Sep 1992
Skippy Hau in Kahoʻolawe, 1–10 September 199251 specimens · 3 stops · 10 days
P.J. Kores
Kauaʻi · 2–9 Sep 1979
P.J. Kores in Kauaʻi, 2–9 September 197947 specimens · 4 stops · 8 days
G.M.N. Wong
4 islands of the United States · Dec 1984 – Jan 1985
G.M.N. Wong across 4 islands of the United States, December 1984 – January 198555 specimens · 8 stops · 21 days · 417 km
Townsend-Cromwell Survey TC
the United States · 14–21 Jun 2000
Townsend-Cromwell Survey TC, 14–21 June 200077 specimens · 5 stops · 8 days · 1,217 km
L. Frederick
Hawaiʻi Island · Dec 1946 – Jan 1947
L. Frederick in Hawaiʻi Island, December 1946 – January 194746 specimens · 4 stops · 6 days
P.S. Vroom
Maro Reef and Mokumanamana · 3–9 Sep 2006
P.S. Vroom in Maro Reef and Mokumanamana, 3–9 September 200644 specimens · 4 stops · 7 days · 655 km
E.J. Funk
Hawaiʻi Island · 1–12 Nov 1991
E.J. Funk in Hawaiʻi Island, 1–12 November 199147 specimens · 3 stops · 12 days
de Lappe
Kauaʻi · Mar – Apr 1987
de Lappe in Kauaʻi, March – April 198743 specimens · 3 stops · 22 days
K. Shultz
Hawaiʻi Island and Maui · 13–28 Sep 2000
K. Shultz in Hawaiʻi Island and Maui, 13–28 September 200083 specimens · 3 stops · 16 days · 352 km
C.S. English Jr.
the United States · 2–15 Aug 1925
C.S. English Jr. in the United States, 2–15 August 192543 specimens · 8 stops · 14 days
C.T. Imada
Kauaʻi and Maui · 2–11 Aug 2005
C.T. Imada in Kauaʻi and Maui, 2–11 August 200547 specimens · 3 stops · 10 days · 371 km
H.L. Oppebnheinmer
Maui · 11–15 Mar 2024
H.L. Oppebnheinmer in Maui, 11–15 March 202444 specimens · 4 stops · 5 days
G.J. Spence
Hawaiʻi Island · 15–19 Jul 1975
G.J. Spence in Hawaiʻi Island, 15–19 July 197541 specimens · 5 stops · 5 days
C.F. Puttock
3 islands of the United States · Jul – Aug 2000
C.F. Puttock in Molokaʻi, Oʻahu and Hawaiʻi Island, July – August 200082 specimens · 3 stops · 11 days · 592 km

Otto Herman Swezey
Oʻahu and Hawaiʻi Island · May – Jun 1919
Otto Herman Swezey in Oʻahu and Hawaiʻi Island, May – June 191953 specimens · 6 stops · 31 days · 232 km
How a journey is found
Every specimen with a full date (year, month and day; a bare “1 January” is treated as a missing day) and a named collector is a diary entry. For each collector the days are read in order, each day given the place most of its labels name. The place where a collector spent more than forty percent of their days, and at least sixty of them, is home: days there are left out.
A gap of more than 21 days between collecting days ends one journey and begins the next. A journey must run five to four hundred days, hold at least forty specimens and touch at least two places. Within it, consecutive days inside the same or a neighbouring tenth-of-a-degree cell (about eleven kilometres) are one stop; the stop’s point is the mean of its labels’ coordinates, or the island’s centre when none carry any.
Companions are collectors whose own labels put them in the same cell on the same days. Staff can name a journey, write about it, feature it or hide it; those words survive every rebuild. Everything else is read off the specimens and rebuilt by harvest.mjs expeditions as the records improve.
