Bishop MuseumExplore

Journeys

The expeditions, reassembled

Every dated label is a diary entry. Read a collector’s labels in order and the voyage comes back: the islands in sequence, the days at each, the specimens from every stop. 1,047 journeys so far, 1879 to 2026, 193,559 specimens between them.

399 collectors and expeditions17,451 days in the field3,803,185 km between stops134,517 photographed specimens

Philip Hunter Timberlake

Maui and Hawaiʻi Island · Jul – Aug 1919

Philip Hunter Timberlake in Maui and Hawaiʻi Island, July – August 1919

229 specimens · 22 stops · 51 days · 448 km

D. Afualo

Oʻahu · Feb – Apr 1975

D. Afualo in Oʻahu, February – April 1975

141 specimens · 19 stops · 60 days · 312 km

Robert L. Usinger

Lānaʻi and Kauaʻi · Nov 1935 – Jan 1936

Robert L. Usinger in Lānaʻi and Kauaʻi, November 1935 – January 1936

221 specimens · 10 stops · 53 days · 259 km

Edward Yataro Hosaka

Hawaiʻi Island and Maui · May – Jun 1938

Edward Yataro Hosaka in Hawaiʻi Island and Maui, May – June 1938

174 specimens · 15 stops · 26 days · 58 km

Jan Newhouse

6 islands · Dec 1968 – Feb 1969

Jan Newhouse across 6 islands, December 1968 – February 1969

162 specimens · 13 stops · 62 days · 4,798 km

Harold St.John

Kauaʻi · Mar – Jun 1926

Harold St.John in Kauaʻi, March – June 1926

270 specimens · 15 stops · 91 days

Benjamin C. Stone

Oʻahu and Hawaiʻi Island · Jan – May 1959

Benjamin C. Stone in Oʻahu and Hawaiʻi Island, January – May 1959

126 specimens · 20 stops · 120 days · 470 km

R. Inafuku

Kauaʻi and Oʻahu · Dec 1930 – May 1931

R. Inafuku in Kauaʻi and Oʻahu, December 1930 – May 1931

116 specimens · 26 stops · 147 days · 509 km

B. Tate

Oʻahu · Jun – Sep 1985

B. Tate in Oʻahu, June – September 1985

141 specimens · 18 stops · 99 days

Alvin K. Chock

Kauaʻi and Hawaiʻi Island · Jul – Sep 1953

Alvin K. Chock in Kauaʻi and Hawaiʻi Island, July – September 1953

163 specimens · 14 stops · 46 days

A. Meebold

3 islands · Jun – Jul 1932

A. Meebold in Viti Levu, Oʻahu and Tutuila, June – July 1932

336 specimens · 4 stops · 31 days · 5,857 km

Clarence C.Y. Wong

Oʻahu and Hawaiʻi Island · May – Aug 1951

Clarence C.Y. Wong in Oʻahu and Hawaiʻi Island, May – August 1951

141 specimens · 13 stops · 114 days · 926 km

Edwin B. Bartram

4 islands of the United States · Jan – Feb 1930

Edwin B. Bartram across 4 islands of the United States, January – February 1930

135 specimens · 23 stops · 47 days · 800 km

Townsend-Cromwell Survey TC

4 islands of the United States · Jun – Jul 1991

Townsend-Cromwell Survey TC, June – July 1991

483 specimens · 6 stops · 17 days · 2,239 km

Harold St.John

3 islands of the United States · Dec 1948 – Jan 1949

Harold St.John in Molokaʻi, Niʻihau and Oʻahu, December 1948 – January 1949

219 specimens · 8 stops · 25 days · 490 km

Harold St.John

5 islands · Jun – Aug 1947

Harold St.John across 5 islands, June – August 1947

162 specimens · 13 stops · 63 days · 23,782 km

Derral R. Herbst

5 islands · Feb – Apr 1988

Derral R. Herbst across 5 islands, February – April 1988

201 specimens · 16 stops · 49 days · 7,903 km

Paul K. Higashino

Maui and Hawaiʻi Island · Jun – Jul 1975

Paul K. Higashino in Maui and Hawaiʻi Island, June – July 1975

158 specimens · 12 stops · 52 days · 377 km

Paul K. Higashino

Molokaʻi and Hawaiʻi Island · May – Aug 1979

Paul K. Higashino in Molokaʻi and Hawaiʻi Island, May – August 1979

138 specimens · 22 stops · 72 days · 976 km

P. Longley

Hawaiʻi Island · 19–31 Dec 1937

P. Longley in Hawaiʻi Island, 19–31 December 1937

209 specimens · 9 stops · 13 days

Steven Perlman

9 islands · Sep – Dec 2008

Steven Perlman across 9 islands, September – December 2008

122 specimens · 20 stops · 81 days · 10,371 km

G.W. Gillett

3 islands of the United States · Jan – May 1964

G.W. Gillett in Oʻahu, Kauaʻi and Maui, January – May 1964

114 specimens · 22 stops · 121 days · 912 km

Otto Degener

3 islands of the United States · Oct 1948 – Apr 1949

Otto Degener in Maui, Oʻahu and Hawaiʻi Island, October 1948 – April 1949

115 specimens · 24 stops · 160 days · 1,125 km

Harold St.John

3 islands · 4–15 Apr 1938

Harold St.John in Lānaʻi, Maui and Rotuma, 4–15 April 1938

248 specimens · 6 stops · 12 days · 4,846 km

How a journey is found

Every specimen with a full date (year, month and day; a bare “1 January” is treated as a missing day) and a named collector is a diary entry. For each collector the days are read in order, each day given the place most of its labels name. The place where a collector spent more than forty percent of their days, and at least sixty of them, is home: days there are left out.

A gap of more than 21 days between collecting days ends one journey and begins the next. A journey must run five to four hundred days, hold at least forty specimens and touch at least two places. Within it, consecutive days inside the same or a neighbouring tenth-of-a-degree cell (about eleven kilometres) are one stop; the stop’s point is the mean of its labels’ coordinates, or the island’s centre when none carry any.

Companions are collectors whose own labels put them in the same cell on the same days. Staff can name a journey, write about it, feature it or hide it; those words survive every rebuild. Everything else is read off the specimens and rebuilt by harvest.mjs expeditions as the records improve.