Bishop MuseumExplore

Journeys

The expeditions, reassembled

Every dated label is a diary entry. Read a collector’s labels in order and the voyage comes back: the islands in sequence, the days at each, the specimens from every stop. 143 journeys so far, 1940 to 1950, 30,990 specimens between them.

79 collectors and expeditions2,664 days in the field772,449 km between stops22,502 photographed specimens

L. Kellogg

3 islands of the United States · Apr – May 1948

L. Kellogg in Maui, Kauaʻi and Hawaiʻi Island, April – May 1948

47 specimens · 6 stops · 31 days · 484 km

George F. Arnemann

Kauaʻi and Maui · May – Jun 1946

George F. Arnemann in Kauaʻi and Maui, May – June 1946

79 specimens · 2 stops · 27 days · 338 km

N.E. Morton

Hawaiʻi Island and Oʻahu · Dec 1949 – Jan 1950

N.E. Morton in Hawaiʻi Island and Oʻahu, December 1949 – January 1950

46 specimens · 6 stops · 20 days · 230 km

Edwin Horace Bryan Jr.

Grande-Terre and New Caledonia · Jun – Aug 1949

Edwin Horace Bryan Jr. in Grande-Terre and New Caledonia, June – August 1949

65 specimens · 5 stops · 36 days

George F. Arnemann

Kauaʻi and Maui · Jul – Aug 1946

George F. Arnemann in Kauaʻi and Maui, July – August 1946

59 specimens · 3 stops · 25 days · 422 km

Rokuro Yamaguchi

Kauaʻi and Oʻahu · Aug – Sep 1940

Rokuro Yamaguchi in Kauaʻi and Oʻahu, August – September 1940

75 specimens · 2 stops · 21 days · 319 km

W.H. Hatheway

Hawaiʻi Island · Dec 1949 – Jan 1950

W.H. Hatheway in Hawaiʻi Island, December 1949 – January 1950

51 specimens · 5 stops · 11 days

M.L. Lohman

Oʻahu and Maui · Sep – Oct 1949

M.L. Lohman in Oʻahu and Maui, September – October 1949

43 specimens · 7 stops · 39 days · 226 km

Malacology Staff

Oʻahu · Jun – Jul 1940

Malacology Staff, June – July 1940

74 specimens · 2 stops · 10 days · 158 km

Giffen

Guadalcanal and Viti Levu · Nov 1947 – Jan 1948

Giffen in Guadalcanal and Viti Levu, November 1947 – January 1948

55 specimens · 8 stops · 39 days

W.J. Semmes

Molokaʻi · 23–27 Apr 1941

W.J. Semmes in Molokaʻi, 23–27 April 1941

64 specimens · 3 stops · 5 days · 18 km

John W. Moore

Oʻahu · Apr – May 1945

John W. Moore in Oʻahu, April – May 1945

107 specimens · 2 stops · 11 days

Harold St.John

Oʻahu · 5–12 Dec 1943

Harold St.John in Oʻahu, 5–12 December 1943

65 specimens · 2 stops · 8 days

L. Frederick

Hawaiʻi Island · Dec 1946 – Jan 1947

L. Frederick in Hawaiʻi Island, December 1946 – January 1947

46 specimens · 4 stops · 6 days

Grace Burgess Grace Burgess

Hawaiʻi Island · 1–19 Jun 1945

Grace Burgess Grace Burgess in Hawaiʻi Island, 1–19 June 1945

71 specimens · 2 stops · 19 days · 285 km

J. Garnic

the United States · 12–18 Aug 1947

J. Garnic in the United States, 12–18 August 1947

64 specimens · 2 stops · 7 days

and Mrs. Murnan

Oʻahu · 15–19 Mar 1948

and Mrs. Murnan in Oʻahu, 15–19 March 1948

54 specimens · 2 stops · 5 days · 154 km

George F. Arnemann

Kauaʻi · 19–23 Jan 1948

George F. Arnemann in Kauaʻi, 19–23 January 1948

54 specimens · 2 stops · 5 days · 39 km

W. Harry Lange

Saipan · Mar – Apr 1948

W. Harry Lange in Saipan, March – April 1948

47 specimens · 2 stops · 33 days · 126 km

George F. Arnemann

Kauaʻi · 2–22 May 1948

George F. Arnemann in Kauaʻi, 2–22 May 1948

43 specimens · 2 stops · 21 days

Elwood Curtin Zimmerman

Oʻahu · 9–28 May 1943

Elwood Curtin Zimmerman in Oʻahu, 9–28 May 1943

74 specimens · 2 stops · 20 days

Edmund J. Meadows

Oʻahu · 14–24 Sep 1941

Edmund J. Meadows in Oʻahu, 14–24 September 1941

43 specimens · 2 stops · 11 days · 33 km

Grace Burgess Grace Burgess

Hawaiʻi Island · 1–11 Jun 1947

Grace Burgess Grace Burgess in Hawaiʻi Island, 1–11 June 1947

40 specimens · 2 stops · 11 days · 5,621 km

How a journey is found

Every specimen with a full date (year, month and day; a bare “1 January” is treated as a missing day) and a named collector is a diary entry. For each collector the days are read in order, each day given the place most of its labels name. The place where a collector spent more than forty percent of their days, and at least sixty of them, is home: days there are left out.

A gap of more than 21 days between collecting days ends one journey and begins the next. A journey must run five to four hundred days, hold at least forty specimens and touch at least two places. Within it, consecutive days inside the same or a neighbouring tenth-of-a-degree cell (about eleven kilometres) are one stop; the stop’s point is the mean of its labels’ coordinates, or the island’s centre when none carry any.

Companions are collectors whose own labels put them in the same cell on the same days. Staff can name a journey, write about it, feature it or hide it; those words survive every rebuild. Everything else is read off the specimens and rebuilt by harvest.mjs expeditions as the records improve.