Bishop MuseumExplore

Journeys

The expeditions, reassembled

Every dated label is a diary entry. Read a collector’s labels in order and the voyage comes back: the islands in sequence, the days at each, the specimens from every stop. 184 journeys so far, 1950 to 1960, 33,310 specimens between them.

85 collectors and expeditions3,961 days in the field869,098 km between stops23,870 photographed specimens

F. Raymond Fosberg

9 islands of the Marshall Islands · 4–15 Feb 1956

F. Raymond Fosberg across 9 islands of the Marshall Islands, 4–15 February 1956

102 specimens · 11 stops · 12 days · 1,332 km

Maxwell S. Doty

4 islands of the United States · Oct – Dec 1955

Maxwell S. Doty across 4 islands of the United States, October – December 1955

78 specimens · 10 stops · 80 days · 1,239 km

S. Sako

3 islands of Japan · 14–26 Mar 1958

S. Sako in Okinoerabujima, Amami-Oshima and Okinawa, 14–26 March 1958

75 specimens · 10 stops · 13 days

Maxwell S. Doty

5 islands · Jan – May 1959

Maxwell S. Doty across 5 islands, January – May 1959

70 specimens · 17 stops · 110 days · 10,865 km

Benjamin C. Stone

Hawaiʻi Island and Oʻahu · 1–13 Aug 1959

Benjamin C. Stone in Hawaiʻi Island and Oʻahu, 1–13 August 1959

76 specimens · 9 stops · 13 days · 35 km

Harold St.John

Kauaʻi and Oʻahu · Dec 1956 – Jan 1957

Harold St.John in Kauaʻi and Oʻahu, December 1956 – January 1957

84 specimens · 8 stops · 14 days

Otto Degener

4 islands · Jan – Feb 1958

Otto Degener across 4 islands, January – February 1958

84 specimens · 20 stops · 41 days · 13,268 km

C.H. C. Hoyt

Oʻahu · Aug – Nov 1952

C.H. C. Hoyt in Oʻahu, August – November 1952

89 specimens · 12 stops · 81 days · 134 km

I.J. Condit

Oʻahu · Apr – May 1959

I.J. Condit in Oʻahu, April – May 1959

48 specimens · 17 stops · 58 days · 259 km

A.R.H. Lamberton

Hawaiʻi Island · Aug – Sep 1952

A.R.H. Lamberton in Hawaiʻi Island, August – September 1952

80 specimens · 8 stops · 12 days · 5 km

Judson Linsley Gressitt

New Guinea · Aug – Dec 1958

Judson Linsley Gressitt in New Guinea, August – December 1958

67 specimens · 26 stops · 110 days · 956 km

H.A. Miller

3 islands of the United States · Nov 1952 – Feb 1953

H.A. Miller in Kauaʻi, Oʻahu and Molokaʻi, November 1952 – February 1953

56 specimens · 15 stops · 82 days · 608 km

Isa Degener

4 islands · Jan – Feb 1958

Isa Degener across 4 islands, January – February 1958

79 specimens · 20 stops · 41 days · 13,268 km

S. Hatusima

3 islands of Japan · 14–26 Mar 1958

S. Hatusima in Okinoerabujima, Amami-Oshima and Okinawa, 14–26 March 1958

67 specimens · 10 stops · 13 days

Isa Degener

Kauaʻi · Sep – Oct 1955

Isa Degener in Kauaʻi, September – October 1955

59 specimens · 10 stops · 31 days · 126 km

A.A. Tam

Maui and Molokaʻi · 1–30 Mar 1952

A.A. Tam in Maui and Molokaʻi, 1–30 March 1952

78 specimens · 6 stops · 30 days · 204 km

F. Raymond Fosberg

4 islands · Dec 1957 – Jan 1958

F. Raymond Fosberg across 4 islands, December 1957 – January 1958

61 specimens · 17 stops · 32 days · 36,429 km

Earl T. Ozaki

3 islands of the United States · Dec 1953 – Jan 1954

Earl T. Ozaki in Molokaʻi, Kauaʻi and Hawaiʻi Island, December 1953 – January 1954

103 specimens · 5 stops · 11 days · 710 km

W.H. Hatheway

Kauaʻi · Jan – Feb 1950

W.H. Hatheway in Kauaʻi, January – February 1950

73 specimens · 8 stops · 12 days

P. Drucker

Oʻahu · Jul – Aug 1951

P. Drucker in Oʻahu, July – August 1951

99 specimens · 3 stops · 29 days · 122 km

Tsing-Chao Maa

4 countries · May – Sep 1959

Tsing-Chao Maa across 4 countries, May – September 1959

77 specimens · 16 stops · 102 days

G. George D. Peterson

4 islands of the Northern Mariana Islands · May – Jun 1952

G. George D. Peterson across 4 islands of the Northern Mariana Islands, May – June 1952

86 specimens · 4 stops · 23 days · 62 km

Yoshio Miyashiro

Oʻahu · Dec 1957 – Apr 1958

Yoshio Miyashiro in Oʻahu, December 1957 – April 1958

47 specimens · 10 stops · 118 days · 262 km

Judson Linsley Gressitt

4 islands · May – Jul 1959

Judson Linsley Gressitt across 4 islands, May – July 1959

51 specimens · 14 stops · 64 days · 2,073 km

How a journey is found

Every specimen with a full date (year, month and day; a bare “1 January” is treated as a missing day) and a named collector is a diary entry. For each collector the days are read in order, each day given the place most of its labels name. The place where a collector spent more than forty percent of their days, and at least sixty of them, is home: days there are left out.

A gap of more than 21 days between collecting days ends one journey and begins the next. A journey must run five to four hundred days, hold at least forty specimens and touch at least two places. Within it, consecutive days inside the same or a neighbouring tenth-of-a-degree cell (about eleven kilometres) are one stop; the stop’s point is the mean of its labels’ coordinates, or the island’s centre when none carry any.

Companions are collectors whose own labels put them in the same cell on the same days. Staff can name a journey, write about it, feature it or hide it; those words survive every rebuild. Everything else is read off the specimens and rebuilt by harvest.mjs expeditions as the records improve.