Bishop MuseumExplore

Journeys

The expeditions, reassembled

Every dated label is a diary entry. Read a collector’s labels in order and the voyage comes back: the islands in sequence, the days at each, the specimens from every stop. 184 journeys so far, 1950 to 1960, 33,310 specimens between them.

85 collectors and expeditions3,961 days in the field869,098 km between stops23,870 photographed specimens

Keith D.P. Wilson

Oʻahu and Kauaʻi · Mar – May 1952

Keith D.P. Wilson in Oʻahu and Kauaʻi, March – May 1952

42 specimens · 5 stops · 64 days · 509 km

Keith D.P. Wilson

Kauaʻi and Maui · Dec 1952 – Jan 1953

Keith D.P. Wilson in Kauaʻi and Maui, December 1952 – January 1953

45 specimens · 7 stops · 11 days · 997 km

H.W.S. Hansen

Kauaʻi · 7–23 Sep 1955

H.W.S. Hansen in Kauaʻi, 7–23 September 1955

43 specimens · 5 stops · 17 days

Johnson Randall

Wake Island · 6–12 Jun 1953

Johnson Randall in Wake Island, 6–12 June 1953

80 specimens · 7 stops · 7 days

Tsing-Chao Maa

Buka Island · Sep 1959 – Mar 1960

Tsing-Chao Maa in Buka Island, September 1959 – March 1960

45 specimens · 10 stops · 169 days

Joseph F. Rock

Kauaʻi and Oʻahu · 1–15 Feb 1956

Joseph F. Rock in Kauaʻi and Oʻahu, 1–15 February 1956

45 specimens · 4 stops · 15 days · 509 km

Arthur Greenwell

Hawaiʻi Island · 15–19 Feb 1952

Arthur Greenwell in Hawaiʻi Island, 15–19 February 1952

62 specimens · 3 stops · 5 days

E.Y. Dawson

Palmyra Atoll · 1–20 Oct 1958

E.Y. Dawson in Palmyra Atoll, 1–20 October 1958

53 specimens · 5 stops · 20 days

M.L. Lohman

Oʻahu · Jan – Mar 1950

M.L. Lohman in Oʻahu, January – March 1950

41 specimens · 9 stops · 41 days · 462 km

Ignacia Benevente

Rota and Saipan · 20–26 Jun 1952

Ignacia Benevente in Rota and Saipan, 20–26 June 1952

65 specimens · 2 stops · 7 days · 128 km

H.B.S. Womersley

Australia · 10–19 Aug 1957

H.B.S. Womersley in Australia, 10–19 August 1957

55 specimens · 2 stops · 10 days

R. Won

Oʻahu · 5–10 May 1954

R. Won in Oʻahu, 5–10 May 1954

52 specimens · 2 stops · 6 days

Ernani Meñez

Palmyra Atoll · Dec 1959 – Jan 1960

Ernani Meñez in Palmyra Atoll, December 1959 – January 1960

44 specimens · 3 stops · 6 days

M. Gilmartin

Enewetak Atoll · Aug – Sep 1955

M. Gilmartin in Enewetak Atoll, August – September 1955

41 specimens · 6 stops · 10 days

George F. Arnemann

Oʻahu · Nov – Dec 1951

George F. Arnemann in Oʻahu, November – December 1951

41 specimens · 2 stops · 8 days · 129 km

Ernani Meñez

3 islands of the Philippines · Apr – May 1958

Ernani Meñez in Cuyo, Palawan and Mindanao, April – May 1958

43 specimens · 2 stops · 6 days · 402 km

How a journey is found

Every specimen with a full date (year, month and day; a bare “1 January” is treated as a missing day) and a named collector is a diary entry. For each collector the days are read in order, each day given the place most of its labels name. The place where a collector spent more than forty percent of their days, and at least sixty of them, is home: days there are left out.

A gap of more than 21 days between collecting days ends one journey and begins the next. A journey must run five to four hundred days, hold at least forty specimens and touch at least two places. Within it, consecutive days inside the same or a neighbouring tenth-of-a-degree cell (about eleven kilometres) are one stop; the stop’s point is the mean of its labels’ coordinates, or the island’s centre when none carry any.

Companions are collectors whose own labels put them in the same cell on the same days. Staff can name a journey, write about it, feature it or hide it; those words survive every rebuild. Everything else is read off the specimens and rebuilt by harvest.mjs expeditions as the records improve.