Bishop MuseumExplore

Journeys

The expeditions, reassembled

Every dated label is a diary entry. Read a collector’s labels in order and the voyage comes back: the islands in sequence, the days at each, the specimens from every stop. 242 journeys so far, 1980 to 1990, 32,345 specimens between them.

129 collectors and expeditions3,479 days in the field873,347 km between stops19,611 photographed specimens

Jr.William Ellsworth Fisher Jr.

Penang · Aug – Nov 1983

Jr.William Ellsworth Fisher Jr. in Penang, August – November 1983

55 specimens · 14 stops · 77 days

J.R. Croft

Tasmania · 14–25 Feb 1989

J.R. Croft in Tasmania, 14–25 February 1989

80 specimens · 9 stops · 12 days · 374 km

O.G. Gideon

New Guinea · Dec 1988 – Jan 1989

O.G. Gideon in New Guinea, December 1988 – January 1989

88 specimens · 6 stops · 24 days · 840 km

L.D. Whiteaker

3 islands · May – Aug 1980

L.D. Whiteaker in Oʻahu, Savaii and Upolu, May – August 1980

62 specimens · 16 stops · 82 days · 4,343 km

S.G. Weller

3 islands of the United States · Jun – Jul 1985

S.G. Weller in Hawaiʻi Island, Lānaʻi and Maui, June – July 1985

74 specimens · 10 stops · 14 days · 289 km

M.M. Richardson

Tasmania · 14–25 Feb 1989

M.M. Richardson in Tasmania, 14–25 February 1989

77 specimens · 9 stops · 12 days · 374 km

Jr.William Ellsworth Fisher Jr.

4 islands of Malaysia · Feb – Apr 1983

Jr.William Ellsworth Fisher Jr. across 4 islands of Malaysia, February – April 1983

54 specimens · 15 stops · 76 days

Timothy Flynn

Hawaiʻi Island and Oʻahu · Feb – Mar 1984

Timothy Flynn in Hawaiʻi Island and Oʻahu, February – March 1984

79 specimens · 6 stops · 30 days · 230 km

Thomas G. Lammers

4 islands of the United States · Jun – Jul 1985

Thomas G. Lammers across 4 islands of the United States, June – July 1985

63 specimens · 12 stops · 18 days · 636 km

P.A. Fryxell

Australia · Apr – May 1983

P.A. Fryxell in Australia, April – May 1983

51 specimens · 20 stops · 27 days · 2,204 km

A. AllisonA Allison

New Guinea · Aug – Oct 1988

A. AllisonA Allison in New Guinea, August – October 1988

61 specimens · 12 stops · 71 days

Warren L. Wagner Jr.

Hawaiʻi Island · 16–21 Nov 1982

Warren L. Wagner Jr. in Hawaiʻi Island, 16–21 November 1982

104 specimens · 5 stops · 6 days · 16 km

H.J. Fortner

6 islands of the United States · Jun – Jul 1984

H.J. Fortner across 6 islands of the United States, June – July 1984

67 specimens · 8 stops · 35 days · 2,689 km

Isa Degener

14 islands · May – Aug 1982

Isa Degener across 14 islands, May – August 1982

66 specimens · 25 stops · 81 days · 26,529 km

A.K. Sakai

3 islands of the United States · Jun – Jul 1985

A.K. Sakai in Hawaiʻi Island, Lānaʻi and Maui, June – July 1985

70 specimens · 9 stops · 14 days · 289 km

R.L. Stemmermann

Hawaiʻi Island and Maui · Mar – Jul 1980

R.L. Stemmermann in Hawaiʻi Island and Maui, March – July 1980

41 specimens · 18 stops · 132 days · 766 km

R.L. Stemmermann

Hawaiʻi Island and Maui · 7–28 Apr 1984

R.L. Stemmermann in Hawaiʻi Island and Maui, 7–28 April 1984

91 specimens · 4 stops · 22 days

H.J. Fortner

3 islands of the United States · Jun – Jul 1983

H.J. Fortner in Midway Atoll, Sand Island and Oʻahu, June – July 1983

89 specimens · 4 stops · 24 days

Seymour H. Sohmer

6 islands of the Philippines · Oct – Nov 1985

Seymour H. Sohmer across 6 islands of the Philippines, October – November 1985

79 specimens · 6 stops · 12 days · 286 km

Ismail Tukirin

Sumatra · Nov – Dec 1988

Ismail Tukirin in Sumatra, November – December 1988

52 specimens · 14 stops · 34 days · 2,272 km

S.-F. Wu Huang

Taiwan · Sep – Oct 1983

S.-F. Wu Huang in Taiwan, September – October 1983

55 specimens · 9 stops · 51 days

W.P. Char

Kahoʻolawe · 21–25 Apr 1980

W.P. Char in Kahoʻolawe, 21–25 April 1980

128 specimens · 3 stops · 5 days · 54 km

Jacques Florence

Moorea and Makatea · Dec 1981 – Jan 1982

Jacques Florence in Moorea and Makatea, December 1981 – January 1982

114 specimens · 6 stops · 22 days · 282 km

I. Adachi

Sri Lanka · Feb – Mar 1987

I. Adachi in Sri Lanka, February – March 1987

58 specimens · 11 stops · 16 days

How a journey is found

Every specimen with a full date (year, month and day; a bare “1 January” is treated as a missing day) and a named collector is a diary entry. For each collector the days are read in order, each day given the place most of its labels name. The place where a collector spent more than forty percent of their days, and at least sixty of them, is home: days there are left out.

A gap of more than 21 days between collecting days ends one journey and begins the next. A journey must run five to four hundred days, hold at least forty specimens and touch at least two places. Within it, consecutive days inside the same or a neighbouring tenth-of-a-degree cell (about eleven kilometres) are one stop; the stop’s point is the mean of its labels’ coordinates, or the island’s centre when none carry any.

Companions are collectors whose own labels put them in the same cell on the same days. Staff can name a journey, write about it, feature it or hide it; those words survive every rebuild. Everything else is read off the specimens and rebuilt by harvest.mjs expeditions as the records improve.