Bishop MuseumExplore

Journeys

The expeditions, reassembled

Every dated label is a diary entry. Read a collector’s labels in order and the voyage comes back: the islands in sequence, the days at each, the specimens from every stop. 242 journeys so far, 1980 to 1990, 32,345 specimens between them.

129 collectors and expeditions3,479 days in the field873,347 km between stops19,611 photographed specimens

W.A. Whistler

4 islands of the Cook Islands · Jul – Aug 1986

W.A. Whistler across 4 islands of the Cook Islands, July – August 1986

56 specimens · 20 stops · 58 days · 5,124 km

P.H. McEldowney

Kauaʻi and Molokaʻi · May – Jun 1981

P.H. McEldowney in Kauaʻi and Molokaʻi, May – June 1981

52 specimens · 13 stops · 44 days · 236 km

B. Tate

Oʻahu · Oct – Nov 1984

B. Tate in Oʻahu, October – November 1984

54 specimens · 8 stops · 55 days

Tim Bennett

Oʻahu · Feb – Apr 1982

Tim Bennett in Oʻahu, February – April 1982

57 specimens · 8 stops · 40 days · 629 km

N. Hallé

Rurutu · 17–27 Apr 1981

N. Hallé in Rurutu, 17–27 April 1981

94 specimens · 10 stops · 11 days

Jacques Florence

Raiatea and Nuku Hiva · Jun – Jul 1982

Jacques Florence in Raiatea and Nuku Hiva, June – July 1982

127 specimens · 5 stops · 13 days · 1,520 km

R.L. Stemmermann

Hawaiʻi Island and Oʻahu · Jun – Sep 1987

R.L. Stemmermann in Hawaiʻi Island and Oʻahu, June – September 1987

46 specimens · 13 stops · 78 days · 170 km

H.J. Fortner

4 islands of the United States · Oct – Nov 1984

H.J. Fortner across 4 islands of the United States, October – November 1984

51 specimens · 10 stops · 53 days · 29,869 km

C.A. Russell

Maui · Feb – Mar 1984

C.A. Russell in Maui, February – March 1984

82 specimens · 6 stops · 16 days · 16 km

Seymour H. Sohmer

6 islands · 6–27 Nov 1983

Seymour H. Sohmer across 6 islands, 6–27 November 1983

68 specimens · 6 stops · 22 days

van der Klip

Australia · Sep – Oct 1986

van der Klip in Australia, September – October 1986

48 specimens · 12 stops · 35 days

Seymour H. Sohmer

Sibuyan · 12–21 May 1987

Seymour H. Sohmer in Sibuyan, 12–21 May 1987

85 specimens · 5 stops · 10 days

C.T. Imada

Kauaʻi · 6–12 Apr 1988

C.T. Imada in Kauaʻi, 6–12 April 1988

76 specimens · 7 stops · 7 days

Warren L. Wagner Jr.

3 islands of the United States · Oct – Dec 1984

Warren L. Wagner Jr. in Maui, Oʻahu and Molokaʻi, October – December 1984

55 specimens · 7 stops · 57 days · 194 km

Maxwell S. Doty

3 islands · Feb – Jul 1982

Maxwell S. Doty in Oʻahu, Hawaiʻi Island and Mwand Peidak, February – July 1982

74 specimens · 9 stops · 147 days · 780 km

F. Raymond Fosberg

3 islands · Oct – Nov 1985

F. Raymond Fosberg in Bikini Atoll, Oʻahu and Kwajalein Atoll, October – November 1985

62 specimens · 13 stops · 24 days · 4,617 km

K. Kerenga

3 islands of Papua New Guinea · 6–30 Mar 1981

K. Kerenga in Manus Island, Rambutyo Island and Rambutyo, 6–30 March 1981

55 specimens · 9 stops · 25 days · 1,523 km

E.J. Reynoso

Palawan and Cebu · Jul – Aug 1986

E.J. Reynoso in Palawan and Cebu, July – August 1986

89 specimens · 3 stops · 27 days · 567 km

Seymour H. Sohmer

Luzon and Quezon · 9–14 Feb 1985

Seymour H. Sohmer in Luzon and Quezon, 9–14 February 1985

81 specimens · 5 stops · 6 days

K.E. Schlech

Oʻahu and Kauaʻi · Jan – May 1980

K.E. Schlech in Oʻahu and Kauaʻi, January – May 1980

44 specimens · 10 stops · 131 days · 432 km

S.W. Mill

Hawaiʻi Island · Jan – Feb 1984

S.W. Mill in Hawaiʻi Island, January – February 1984

61 specimens · 5 stops · 45 days

George Butler

Australia · Jan – Feb 1983

George Butler in Australia, January – February 1983

43 specimens · 15 stops · 21 days · 1,687 km

C. Corn

Kauaʻi · 1–19 Jun 1987

C. Corn in Kauaʻi, 1–19 June 1987

86 specimens · 3 stops · 19 days

F. Raymond Fosberg

7 islands · May – Jun 1985

F. Raymond Fosberg across 7 islands, May – June 1985

65 specimens · 10 stops · 35 days · 36,228 km

How a journey is found

Every specimen with a full date (year, month and day; a bare “1 January” is treated as a missing day) and a named collector is a diary entry. For each collector the days are read in order, each day given the place most of its labels name. The place where a collector spent more than forty percent of their days, and at least sixty of them, is home: days there are left out.

A gap of more than 21 days between collecting days ends one journey and begins the next. A journey must run five to four hundred days, hold at least forty specimens and touch at least two places. Within it, consecutive days inside the same or a neighbouring tenth-of-a-degree cell (about eleven kilometres) are one stop; the stop’s point is the mean of its labels’ coordinates, or the island’s centre when none carry any.

Companions are collectors whose own labels put them in the same cell on the same days. Staff can name a journey, write about it, feature it or hide it; those words survive every rebuild. Everything else is read off the specimens and rebuilt by harvest.mjs expeditions as the records improve.