Bishop MuseumExplore

Journeys

The expeditions, reassembled

Every dated label is a diary entry. Read a collector’s labels in order and the voyage comes back: the islands in sequence, the days at each, the specimens from every stop. 14 journeys so far, 1990 to 1999, 1,284 specimens between them.

9 collectors and expeditions215 days in the field76,608 km between stops1,049 photographed specimens

Steven Perlman

4 islands of the United States · Mar – Oct 1991

Steven Perlman across 4 islands of the United States, March – October 1991

189 specimens · 38 stops · 211 days · 6,398 km

Kenneth R. Wood

9 islands · Jun – Nov 1997

Kenneth R. Wood across 9 islands, June – November 1997

164 specimens · 33 stops · 139 days · 49,817 km

Steven Perlman

7 islands · Jun – Oct 1997

Steven Perlman across 7 islands, June – October 1997

111 specimens · 23 stops · 117 days · 9,650 km

M.A. Evans

3 islands of the United States · Jun – Jul 1990

M.A. Evans in Molokaʻi, Oʻahu and Maui, June – July 1990

142 specimens · 8 stops · 35 days · 100 km

L.M. Hodgson

3 islands · Oct – Nov 1994

L.M. Hodgson in Ant Atoll, Maui and Pohnpei, October – November 1994

134 specimens · 7 stops · 37 days · 5,292 km

C.R. Annable

4 islands of the United States · Jan – Mar 1998

C.R. Annable across 4 islands of the United States, January – March 1998

97 specimens · 10 stops · 53 days · 1,111 km

M. Kiehn

5 islands of the United States · Jul – Sep 1990

M. Kiehn across 5 islands of the United States, July – September 1990

60 specimens · 16 stops · 65 days · 1,646 km

David Palmer

Kauaʻi and Maui · Jun – Jul 1992

David Palmer in Kauaʻi and Maui, June – July 1992

62 specimens · 8 stops · 47 days · 338 km

L.M. Hodgson

Maui and Oʻahu · Mar – Apr 1994

L.M. Hodgson in Maui and Oʻahu, March – April 1994

64 specimens · 7 stops · 34 days · 287 km

Betsy H. Gagne

Maui and Kauaʻi · Apr – May 1991

Betsy H. Gagne in Maui and Kauaʻi, April – May 1991

48 specimens · 10 stops · 43 days · 706 km

Keith D.P. Wilson

3 islands of the United States · May – Jun 1994

Keith D.P. Wilson in Hawaiʻi Island, Molokaʻi and Maui, May – June 1994

55 specimens · 7 stops · 32 days · 459 km

David Palmer

Hawaiʻi Island and Maui · Jun – Jul 1991

David Palmer in Hawaiʻi Island and Maui, June – July 1991

45 specimens · 9 stops · 42 days · 376 km

C.R. Annable

Maui · Jan – Feb 1999

C.R. Annable in Maui, January – February 1999

62 specimens · 3 stops · 39 days · 71 km

David Palmer

3 islands of the United States · May – Jun 1994

David Palmer in Hawaiʻi Island, Molokaʻi and Maui, May – June 1994

51 specimens · 4 stops · 9 days · 357 km

How a journey is found

Every specimen with a full date (year, month and day; a bare “1 January” is treated as a missing day) and a named collector is a diary entry. For each collector the days are read in order, each day given the place most of its labels name. The place where a collector spent more than forty percent of their days, and at least sixty of them, is home: days there are left out.

A gap of more than 21 days between collecting days ends one journey and begins the next. A journey must run five to four hundred days, hold at least forty specimens and touch at least two places. Within it, consecutive days inside the same or a neighbouring tenth-of-a-degree cell (about eleven kilometres) are one stop; the stop’s point is the mean of its labels’ coordinates, or the island’s centre when none carry any.

Companions are collectors whose own labels put them in the same cell on the same days. Staff can name a journey, write about it, feature it or hide it; those words survive every rebuild. Everything else is read off the specimens and rebuilt by harvest.mjs expeditions as the records improve.