Bishop MuseumExplore

Journeys

The expeditions, reassembled

Every dated label is a diary entry. Read a collector’s labels in order and the voyage comes back: the islands in sequence, the days at each, the specimens from every stop. 225 journeys so far, 1990 to 1999, 25,770 specimens between them.

123 collectors and expeditions3,162 days in the field546,199 km between stops16,376 photographed specimens

N.Q. Binh

Vietnam · Feb – Apr 1995

N.Q. Binh in Vietnam, February – April 1995

58 specimens · 14 stops · 60 days

Fuentes

Luzon · 18–28 Jan 1994

Fuentes in Luzon, 18–28 January 1994

122 specimens · 6 stops · 11 days

Alvarez

Mindanao and Luzon · 1–9 Mar 1991

Alvarez in Mindanao and Luzon, 1–9 March 1991

185 specimens · 2 stops · 9 days · 1,087 km

E.J. Reynoso

Luzon · 6–17 Sep 1991

E.J. Reynoso in Luzon, 6–17 September 1991

86 specimens · 8 stops · 12 days

Fuentes

Luzon · May – Jun 1992

Fuentes in Luzon, May – June 1992

125 specimens · 5 stops · 14 days

N.T. Hiep

Vietnam · Feb – Apr 1995

N.T. Hiep in Vietnam, February – April 1995

56 specimens · 13 stops · 60 days

D.D. Huyen

Vietnam · Feb – Apr 1995

D.D. Huyen in Vietnam, February – April 1995

56 specimens · 13 stops · 60 days

P.K. Loc

Vietnam · Feb – Apr 1995

P.K. Loc in Vietnam, February – April 1995

56 specimens · 13 stops · 60 days

Romero

Luzon · 6–17 Sep 1991

Romero in Luzon, 6–17 September 1991

85 specimens · 8 stops · 12 days

M. Sagisolo

New Guinea and Irian Jaya · Mar – May 1994

M. Sagisolo in New Guinea and Irian Jaya, March – May 1994

59 specimens · 13 stops · 73 days · 8,057 km

J.S. Burley

New Guinea · 15–26 May 1991

J.S. Burley in New Guinea, 15–26 May 1991

134 specimens · 3 stops · 12 days · 667 km

N.X. Tam

Vietnam · Feb – Apr 1995

N.X. Tam in Vietnam, February – April 1995

55 specimens · 13 stops · 60 days

Afrastini Ismail

Ceram · Nov – Dec 1990

Afrastini Ismail in Ceram, November – December 1990

66 specimens · 13 stops · 15 days · 30 km

J.K. Jarvie

Borneo and Indonesia · Jan – Feb 1995

J.K. Jarvie in Borneo and Indonesia, January – February 1995

58 specimens · 15 stops · 33 days · 63,156 km

H. Koyama

New Caledonia · Feb – Mar 1992

H. Koyama in New Caledonia, February – March 1992

111 specimens · 12 stops · 25 days

Ralph C. DeFelice

Oʻahu and Midway Atoll · Aug – Nov 1997

Ralph C. DeFelice in Oʻahu and Midway Atoll, August – November 1997

180 specimens · 3 stops · 78 days · 4,219 km

E.J. Reynoso

Bohol and Cebu · Mar – Apr 1993

E.J. Reynoso in Bohol and Cebu, March – April 1993

157 specimens · 2 stops · 14 days · 77 km

E.J. Reynoso

3 islands of the Philippines · May – Jun 1992

E.J. Reynoso in Sibuyan, Luzon and Mindanao, May – June 1992

73 specimens · 7 stops · 32 days · 1,568 km

L. Budantzev

Vietnam · Feb – Apr 1995

L. Budantzev in Vietnam, February – April 1995

54 specimens · 12 stops · 52 days

Jacques Florence

3 islands of French Polynesia · Oct – Nov 1992

Jacques Florence in Huahine, Tahaa and Raivavae, October – November 1992

256 specimens · 2 stops · 8 days · 54 km

Angela Kay Kepler

Caroline Atoll · Mar – Apr 1990

Angela Kay Kepler in Caroline Atoll, March – April 1990

106 specimens · 3 stops · 28 days

G. Yakovlev

Vietnam · Feb – Apr 1995

G. Yakovlev in Vietnam, February – April 1995

51 specimens · 12 stops · 60 days

Garcia

Visayas and Visayan · Oct – Nov 1992

Garcia in Visayas and Visayan, October – November 1992

74 specimens · 8 stops · 33 days

E.C. Sagcal Jr.

Visayas and Visayan · Oct – Nov 1992

E.C. Sagcal Jr. in Visayas and Visayan, October – November 1992

74 specimens · 8 stops · 33 days

How a journey is found

Every specimen with a full date (year, month and day; a bare “1 January” is treated as a missing day) and a named collector is a diary entry. For each collector the days are read in order, each day given the place most of its labels name. The place where a collector spent more than forty percent of their days, and at least sixty of them, is home: days there are left out.

A gap of more than 21 days between collecting days ends one journey and begins the next. A journey must run five to four hundred days, hold at least forty specimens and touch at least two places. Within it, consecutive days inside the same or a neighbouring tenth-of-a-degree cell (about eleven kilometres) are one stop; the stop’s point is the mean of its labels’ coordinates, or the island’s centre when none carry any.

Companions are collectors whose own labels put them in the same cell on the same days. Staff can name a journey, write about it, feature it or hide it; those words survive every rebuild. Everything else is read off the specimens and rebuilt by harvest.mjs expeditions as the records improve.