Bishop MuseumExplore

Journeys

The expeditions, reassembled

Every dated label is a diary entry. Read a collector’s labels in order and the voyage comes back: the islands in sequence, the days at each, the specimens from every stop. 225 journeys so far, 1990 to 1999, 25,770 specimens between them.

123 collectors and expeditions3,162 days in the field546,199 km between stops16,376 photographed specimens

S. Waldren

3 islands of the Pitcairn Islands · May – Jul 1991

S. Waldren in Henderson Island, Oeno Island and Pitcairn Island, May – July 1991

105 specimens · 4 stops · 72 days · 697 km

F.J.M. Gaerlan

3 islands of the Philippines · Feb – Apr 1992

F.J.M. Gaerlan in Panay, Mindanao and Luzon, February – April 1992

54 specimens · 9 stops · 62 days · 973 km

David Palmer

Hawaiʻi Island and Maui · Jun – Jul 1991

David Palmer in Hawaiʻi Island and Maui, June – July 1991

45 specimens · 9 stops · 42 days · 376 km

C. Cartier

Moorea and Motu Ahi · 19–25 Jun 1991

C. Cartier in Moorea and Motu Ahi, 19–25 June 1991

113 specimens · 5 stops · 7 days

L. Wester

Thailand · Oct – Nov 1993

L. Wester in Thailand, October – November 1993

44 specimens · 10 stops · 30 days

Alvarez

Mindanao · 14–29 Mar 1992

Alvarez in Mindanao, 14–29 March 1992

52 specimens · 8 stops · 16 days

E.J. Reynoso

Mindanao · 14–29 Mar 1992

E.J. Reynoso in Mindanao, 14–29 March 1992

52 specimens · 8 stops · 16 days

A.F. Rinehart

Babeldaob Island · Mar – Apr 1996

A.F. Rinehart in Babeldaob Island, March – April 1996

88 specimens · 9 stops · 9 days

H. Uchiyama

Upolu and Tutuila · Aug – Sep 1999

H. Uchiyama in Upolu and Tutuila, August – September 1999

82 specimens · 7 stops · 18 days · 137 km

R.J. Johns

Brunei · 9–30 Mar 1991

R.J. Johns in Brunei, 9–30 March 1991

51 specimens · 7 stops · 22 days · 339 km

L. Raulerson

Babeldaob Island and Babeldaob · Mar – Apr 1996

L. Raulerson in Babeldaob Island and Babeldaob, March – April 1996

73 specimens · 9 stops · 15 days

Derral R. Herbst

8 islands · May – Jun 1994

Derral R. Herbst across 8 islands, May – June 1994

65 specimens · 7 stops · 44 days · 16,541 km

E.C. Sagcal Jr.

Mindanao · Jul – Aug 1991

E.C. Sagcal Jr. in Mindanao, July – August 1991

74 specimens · 4 stops · 28 days

G. Van Sickle

Oʻahu · Jan – Mar 1997

G. Van Sickle in Oʻahu, January – March 1997

45 specimens · 7 stops · 68 days · 586 km

D.A. Madulid

Olango and Bohol · 20–25 Mar 1993

D.A. Madulid in Olango and Bohol, 20–25 March 1993

113 specimens · 2 stops · 6 days · 62 km

D. Atha

Oʻahu · Oct – Nov 1996

D. Atha in Oʻahu, October – November 1996

44 specimens · 9 stops · 21 days · 689 km

Rivers Fuentes

Panay · 9–18 Feb 1992

Rivers Fuentes in Panay, 9–18 February 1992

56 specimens · 7 stops · 10 days

Pedersen

Luzon · Mar – Apr 1994

Pedersen in Luzon, March – April 1994

60 specimens · 5 stops · 15 days · 306 km

Pratita Puradyatmika

New Guinea · Oct – Dec 1998

Pratita Puradyatmika in New Guinea, October – December 1998

47 specimens · 7 stops · 72 days · 3,262 km

F.J.M. Gaerlan

Mindanao and Luzon · 5–22 Jul 1991

F.J.M. Gaerlan in Mindanao and Luzon, 5–22 July 1991

76 specimens · 4 stops · 18 days · 973 km

U.W. Mayar

3 islands of Indonesia · Apr – May 1995

U.W. Mayar in New Guinea, Irian Jaya and Papua, April – May 1995

44 specimens · 12 stops · 36 days · 5,403 km

Jr.William Ellsworth Fisher Jr.

3 islands of Indonesia · Oct 1990 – Jan 1991

Jr.William Ellsworth Fisher Jr. in Pulau Tanjong Putus, Pulau Panjang and Pulau Gusung Assam, October 1990 – January 1991

51 specimens · 4 stops · 102 days · 411 km

J.C. Regalado Jr.

Taveuni and Viti Levu · Sep – Oct 1993

J.C. Regalado Jr. in Taveuni and Viti Levu, September – October 1993

86 specimens · 6 stops · 27 days · 405 km

C.R. Annable

Maui · Jan – Feb 1999

C.R. Annable in Maui, January – February 1999

62 specimens · 3 stops · 39 days · 71 km

How a journey is found

Every specimen with a full date (year, month and day; a bare “1 January” is treated as a missing day) and a named collector is a diary entry. For each collector the days are read in order, each day given the place most of its labels name. The place where a collector spent more than forty percent of their days, and at least sixty of them, is home: days there are left out.

A gap of more than 21 days between collecting days ends one journey and begins the next. A journey must run five to four hundred days, hold at least forty specimens and touch at least two places. Within it, consecutive days inside the same or a neighbouring tenth-of-a-degree cell (about eleven kilometres) are one stop; the stop’s point is the mean of its labels’ coordinates, or the island’s centre when none carry any.

Companions are collectors whose own labels put them in the same cell on the same days. Staff can name a journey, write about it, feature it or hide it; those words survive every rebuild. Everything else is read off the specimens and rebuilt by harvest.mjs expeditions as the records improve.