Bishop MuseumExplore

Journeys

The expeditions, reassembled

Every dated label is a diary entry. Read a collector’s labels in order and the voyage comes back: the islands in sequence, the days at each, the specimens from every stop. 10 journeys so far, 1957 to 1993, 2,121 specimens between them.

8 collectors and expeditions187 days in the field18,170 km between stops1,964 photographed specimens

G.E. Edano

35 islands · Jan – May 1957

G.E. Edano across 35 islands, January – May 1957

653 specimens · 58 stops · 131 days · 4,198 km

Yoshio KondoKay Kondo

36 islands · Jan – May 1957

Yoshio KondoKay Kondo across 36 islands, January – May 1957

648 specimens · 59 stops · 131 days · 2,868 km

Maxwell S. Doty

11 islands · Dec 1964 – Feb 1965

Maxwell S. Doty across 11 islands, December 1964 – February 1965

158 specimens · 14 stops · 38 days · 6,438 km

V.B. Alvarez

9 islands of the Philippines · Dec 1964 – Feb 1965

V.B. Alvarez across 9 islands of the Philippines, December 1964 – February 1965

122 specimens · 9 stops · 41 days · 2,185 km

E.J. Reynoso

Bohol and Cebu · Mar – Apr 1993

E.J. Reynoso in Bohol and Cebu, March – April 1993

157 specimens · 2 stops · 14 days · 77 km

Alvarez

Bohol and Cebu · Mar – Apr 1993

Alvarez in Bohol and Cebu, March – April 1993

125 specimens · 2 stops · 12 days · 77 km

D.A. Madulid

Olango and Bohol · 20–25 Mar 1993

D.A. Madulid in Olango and Bohol, 20–25 March 1993

113 specimens · 2 stops · 6 days · 62 km

Maxwell S. Doty

6 islands · Dec 1965 – Jan 1966

Maxwell S. Doty across 6 islands, December 1965 – January 1966

58 specimens · 5 stops · 32 days · 657 km

Maxwell S. Doty

Borneo and Bohol · 12–25 Oct 1978

Maxwell S. Doty in Borneo and Bohol, 12–25 October 1978

44 specimens · 5 stops · 14 days · 1,531 km

Fuentes

Cebu and Bohol · Mar – Apr 1993

Fuentes in Cebu and Bohol, March – April 1993

43 specimens · 2 stops · 11 days · 77 km

How a journey is found

Every specimen with a full date (year, month and day; a bare “1 January” is treated as a missing day) and a named collector is a diary entry. For each collector the days are read in order, each day given the place most of its labels name. The place where a collector spent more than forty percent of their days, and at least sixty of them, is home: days there are left out.

A gap of more than 21 days between collecting days ends one journey and begins the next. A journey must run five to four hundred days, hold at least forty specimens and touch at least two places. Within it, consecutive days inside the same or a neighbouring tenth-of-a-degree cell (about eleven kilometres) are one stop; the stop’s point is the mean of its labels’ coordinates, or the island’s centre when none carry any.

Companions are collectors whose own labels put them in the same cell on the same days. Staff can name a journey, write about it, feature it or hide it; those words survive every rebuild. Everything else is read off the specimens and rebuilt by harvest.mjs expeditions as the records improve.