Bishop MuseumExplore

Journeys

The expeditions, reassembled

Every dated label is a diary entry. Read a collector’s labels in order and the voyage comes back: the islands in sequence, the days at each, the specimens from every stop. 1,954 journeys so far, 1874 to 2026, 349,432 specimens between them.

830 collectors and expeditions34,320 days in the field7,297,183 km between stops244,553 photographed specimens

Otto Herman Swezey

Guam · May – Nov 1936

Otto Herman Swezey in Guam, May – November 1936

137 specimens · 45 stops · 207 days

William A. Setchell

3 islands · Jun – Jul 1920

William A. Setchell in Tutuila, Aunuu and Rose Atoll, June – July 1920

175 specimens · 32 stops · 51 days · 21 km

T.T. Earle

5 islands of New Zealand · Jan – Mar 1935

T.T. Earle across 5 islands of New Zealand, January – March 1935

150 specimens · 28 stops · 46 days · 5,344 km

Derral R. Herbst

3 islands of the United States · Feb – Jul 1967

Derral R. Herbst in Oʻahu, Hawaiʻi Island and Kauaʻi, February – July 1967

135 specimens · 25 stops · 141 days · 459 km

Steven L. Montgomery

9 islands of French Polynesia · Jul – Oct 1988

Steven L. Montgomery across 9 islands of French Polynesia, July – October 1988

277 specimens · 18 stops · 73 days · 10,669 km

Carl Skottsberg

Hawaiʻi Island and Oʻahu · 1–30 Sep 1926

Carl Skottsberg in Hawaiʻi Island and Oʻahu, 1–30 September 1926

187 specimens · 16 stops · 30 days · 459 km

E.J. Reynoso

Palawan and Coron · May – Jun 1993

E.J. Reynoso in Palawan and Coron, May – June 1993

203 specimens · 13 stops · 35 days · 1,515 km

E.J. Reynoso

Luzon and Sibuyan · Jan – Feb 1994

E.J. Reynoso in Luzon and Sibuyan, January – February 1994

182 specimens · 16 stops · 41 days

Benjamin C. Stone

Palawan and Palawan Island · Jan – Feb 1991

Benjamin C. Stone in Palawan and Palawan Island, January – February 1991

190 specimens · 15 stops · 33 days

G.T. Kraft

22 islands of the Philippines · Apr – Jul 1968

G.T. Kraft across 22 islands of the Philippines, April – July 1968

166 specimens · 24 stops · 82 days · 3,991 km

John August Kusche

Kauaʻi · Apr – Jun 1920

John August Kusche in Kauaʻi, April – June 1920

360 specimens · 10 stops · 68 days · 63 km

J. Manson Valentine

3 islands of Fiji · Jul 1937 – Jan 1938

J. Manson Valentine in Viti Levu, Taveuni and Ovalau, July 1937 – January 1938

131 specimens · 28 stops · 185 days · 23,764 km

Wm. R. Taylor

14 islands · Feb – May 1949

Wm. R. Taylor across 14 islands, February – May 1949

133 specimens · 35 stops · 98 days

Otto Degener

4 islands of the United States · Jun – Jul 1961

Otto Degener across 4 islands of the United States, June – July 1961

153 specimens · 22 stops · 54 days · 560 km

T. Hosokawa

11 islands · Jul – Sep 1937

T. Hosokawa across 11 islands, July – September 1937

180 specimens · 26 stops · 87 days · 4,494 km

Wayne N. Takeuchi

8 islands · Jun – Jul 1980

Wayne N. Takeuchi across 8 islands, June – July 1980

200 specimens · 12 stops · 29 days · 1,582 km

Adolph D.E. Elmer

5 islands · Apr – May 1910

Adolph D.E. Elmer across 5 islands, April – May 1910

375 specimens · 3 stops · 31 days

Henry Wiebke

Maui and Oʻahu · Jun – Aug 1927

Henry Wiebke in Maui and Oʻahu, June – August 1927

127 specimens · 34 stops · 79 days · 304 km

S.J. Anderson

Molokaʻi and Hawaiʻi Island · Jan – May 1982

S.J. Anderson in Molokaʻi and Hawaiʻi Island, January – May 1982

153 specimens · 18 stops · 132 days · 578 km

Walter M. Giffard

Hawaiʻi Island · Jan – Jun 1912

Walter M. Giffard in Hawaiʻi Island, January – June 1912

272 specimens · 19 stops · 145 days

Derral R. Herbst

4 islands of the United States · Jun – Aug 1970

Derral R. Herbst across 4 islands of the United States, June – August 1970

140 specimens · 25 stops · 72 days · 674 km

Reid Moran

3 islands · Jun – Sep 1954

Reid Moran in Guam, Tinian and California, June – September 1954

197 specimens · 23 stops · 86 days · 127,923 km

Derral R. Herbst

8 islands · Feb – Mar 1984

Derral R. Herbst across 8 islands, February – March 1984

370 specimens · 9 stops · 18 days · 1,158 km

Otto Degener

4 islands · Nov – Dec 1960

Otto Degener across 4 islands, November – December 1960

150 specimens · 23 stops · 43 days · 12,274 km

How a journey is found

Every specimen with a full date (year, month and day; a bare “1 January” is treated as a missing day) and a named collector is a diary entry. For each collector the days are read in order, each day given the place most of its labels name. The place where a collector spent more than forty percent of their days, and at least sixty of them, is home: days there are left out.

A gap of more than 21 days between collecting days ends one journey and begins the next. A journey must run five to four hundred days, hold at least forty specimens and touch at least two places. Within it, consecutive days inside the same or a neighbouring tenth-of-a-degree cell (about eleven kilometres) are one stop; the stop’s point is the mean of its labels’ coordinates, or the island’s centre when none carry any.

Companions are collectors whose own labels put them in the same cell on the same days. Staff can name a journey, write about it, feature it or hide it; those words survive every rebuild. Everything else is read off the specimens and rebuilt by harvest.mjs expeditions as the records improve.