Bishop MuseumExplore

Journeys

The expeditions, reassembled

Every dated label is a diary entry. Read a collector’s labels in order and the voyage comes back: the islands in sequence, the days at each, the specimens from every stop. 1,954 journeys so far, 1874 to 2026, 349,432 specimens between them.

830 collectors and expeditions34,320 days in the field7,297,183 km between stops244,553 photographed specimens

G.A. Santos

4 islands of the Philippines · Feb – Jun 1968

G.A. Santos across 4 islands of the Philippines, February – June 1968

84 specimens · 23 stops · 117 days · 3,115 km

Marie Catherine Neal

4 islands · Jul – Aug 1933

Marie Catherine Neal across 4 islands, July – August 1933

137 specimens · 9 stops · 33 days · 17,135 km

Alvarez

Luzon and Olango · Nov – Dec 1991

Alvarez in Luzon and Olango, November – December 1991

124 specimens · 13 stops · 19 days

M.D. Hoyle

6 islands of the United States · Jul – Aug 1968

M.D. Hoyle across 6 islands of the United States, July – August 1968

91 specimens · 22 stops · 46 days

Edward Yataro Hosaka

Maui and Hawaiʻi Island · Jan – Feb 1937

Edward Yataro Hosaka in Maui and Hawaiʻi Island, January – February 1937

114 specimens · 14 stops · 28 days · 447 km

Steven Perlman

Kauaʻi · Jan – Apr 2015

Steven Perlman in Kauaʻi, January – April 2015

91 specimens · 17 stops · 94 days · 13,385 km

Ruth D. Svihla

Maui and Oʻahu · Jun – Aug 1935

Ruth D. Svihla in Maui and Oʻahu, June – August 1935

176 specimens · 15 stops · 69 days · 191 km

David F. Grether

5 islands · Jul – Aug 1946

David F. Grether across 5 islands, July – August 1946

121 specimens · 10 stops · 38 days · 37,731 km

Edward Yataro Hosaka

Hawaiʻi Island · Dec 1931 – Jan 1932

Edward Yataro Hosaka in Hawaiʻi Island, December 1931 – January 1932

154 specimens · 8 stops · 14 days · 67 km

Fiona R. Willis

New Guinea and Irian Jaya · Mar – Apr 1999

Fiona R. Willis in New Guinea and Irian Jaya, March – April 1999

122 specimens · 13 stops · 40 days · 1,153 km

T.R. Herat

Oʻahu · 11–29 Aug 1972

T.R. Herat in Oʻahu, 11–29 August 1972

120 specimens · 13 stops · 19 days · 268 km

P.E. Hegewald

Jamaica · Jul – Nov 1973

P.E. Hegewald in Jamaica, July – November 1973

80 specimens · 23 stops · 106 days

Timothy Flynn

Savaii and Upolu · Jun – Jul 2016

Timothy Flynn in Savaii and Upolu, June – July 2016

135 specimens · 17 stops · 31 days · 160 km

W. Law

4 islands · Feb – Apr 2009

W. Law across 4 islands, February – April 2009

112 specimens · 14 stops · 44 days · 9,392 km

Seymour H. Sohmer

3 islands of the United States · May – Jul 1970

Seymour H. Sohmer in Kauaʻi, Oʻahu and Hawaiʻi Island, May – July 1970

111 specimens · 13 stops · 60 days · 1,246 km

Fernando

3 islands of the Philippines · Aug – Oct 1993

Fernando in Quezon, Luzon and Quezon Island, August – October 1993

99 specimens · 14 stops · 62 days

W.A. Whistler

5 islands · Aug – Oct 1978

W.A. Whistler across 5 islands, August – October 1978

139 specimens · 24 stops · 67 days

R.C. Gardner

6 islands of the United States · Jan – Feb 1974

R.C. Gardner across 6 islands of the United States, January – February 1974

89 specimens · 24 stops · 54 days · 1,081 km

C. Corn

3 islands of the United States · Mar – Apr 1980

C. Corn in Kahoʻolawe, Hawaiʻi Island and Kauaʻi, March – April 1980

171 specimens · 5 stops · 30 days · 902 km

Mrs. Fred E. Lewis

Oʻahu and Maui · Jan – Apr 1979

Mrs. Fred E. Lewis in Oʻahu and Maui, January – April 1979

80 specimens · 22 stops · 105 days · 89 km

Neth. Ind. For. Service

11 islands · Feb – Aug 1938

Neth. Ind. For. Service, February – August 1938

63 specimens · 45 stops · 174 days · 15,218 km

Maxwell S. Doty

Squaw · Jun – Sep 1940

Maxwell S. Doty in Squaw, June – September 1940

86 specimens · 31 stops · 103 days

Maxwell S. Doty

Tasmania · Jul – Sep 1957

Maxwell S. Doty in Tasmania, July – September 1957

129 specimens · 11 stops · 45 days

R.R. Ireland Jr.

Canada · 3–28 Jul 1974

R.R. Ireland Jr. in Canada, 3–28 July 1974

100 specimens · 18 stops · 26 days

How a journey is found

Every specimen with a full date (year, month and day; a bare “1 January” is treated as a missing day) and a named collector is a diary entry. For each collector the days are read in order, each day given the place most of its labels name. The place where a collector spent more than forty percent of their days, and at least sixty of them, is home: days there are left out.

A gap of more than 21 days between collecting days ends one journey and begins the next. A journey must run five to four hundred days, hold at least forty specimens and touch at least two places. Within it, consecutive days inside the same or a neighbouring tenth-of-a-degree cell (about eleven kilometres) are one stop; the stop’s point is the mean of its labels’ coordinates, or the island’s centre when none carry any.

Companions are collectors whose own labels put them in the same cell on the same days. Staff can name a journey, write about it, feature it or hide it; those words survive every rebuild. Everything else is read off the specimens and rebuilt by harvest.mjs expeditions as the records improve.