Bishop MuseumExplore

Journeys

The expeditions, reassembled

Every dated label is a diary entry. Read a collector’s labels in order and the voyage comes back: the islands in sequence, the days at each, the specimens from every stop. 1,954 journeys so far, 1874 to 2026, 349,432 specimens between them.

830 collectors and expeditions34,320 days in the field7,297,183 km between stops244,553 photographed specimens

de Vogel

3 islands of Indonesia · Oct – Nov 1973

de Vogel in Celebes, Sulawesi and Suluwesi, October – November 1973

111 specimens · 13 stops · 31 days · 780 km

van Zanten

3 islands · Dec 1973 – Feb 1974

van Zanten in North Island, South Island and New Zealand, December 1973 – February 1974

80 specimens · 26 stops · 62 days · 14,958 km

Patrick V. Kirch

3 islands · Jun – Jul 1974

Patrick V. Kirch in Futuna Island, Niuatoputapu Island and Nuku Hiva, June – July 1974

162 specimens · 15 stops · 44 days

D.R. Stoddart

Aitutaki and Rarotonga · Aug – Sep 1969

D.R. Stoddart in Aitutaki and Rarotonga, August – September 1969

109 specimens · 17 stops · 21 days

Edwin Horace Bryan Jr.

14 islands · Jul – Sep 1938

Edwin Horace Bryan Jr. across 14 islands, July – September 1938

131 specimens · 17 stops · 49 days · 11,700 km

M.H.S. MacKee

7 islands · Oct – Nov 1968

M.H.S. MacKee across 7 islands, October – November 1968

120 specimens · 11 stops · 29 days · 80 km

V.B. Alvarez

9 islands of the Philippines · Dec 1964 – Feb 1965

V.B. Alvarez across 9 islands of the Philippines, December 1964 – February 1965

122 specimens · 9 stops · 41 days · 2,185 km

G.R. Ewart III

Maui and Oʻahu · Dec 1928 – Jan 1929

G.R. Ewart III in Maui and Oʻahu, December 1928 – January 1929

136 specimens · 7 stops · 38 days · 247 km

Steven L. Montgomery

5 islands of the United States · May – Sep 1987

Steven L. Montgomery across 5 islands of the United States, May – September 1987

89 specimens · 15 stops · 102 days · 1,657 km

Betsy H. Gagne

3 islands of Papua New Guinea · 9–30 Mar 1979

Betsy H. Gagne in Misima Island, Rossel Island and Tagula Island, 9–30 March 1979

179 specimens · 6 stops · 22 days · 267 km

M.A. Evans

3 islands of the United States · Jun – Jul 1990

M.A. Evans in Molokaʻi, Oʻahu and Maui, June – July 1990

142 specimens · 8 stops · 35 days · 100 km

Jacques Florence

5 islands of French Polynesia · Mar – May 1992

Jacques Florence across 5 islands of French Polynesia, March – May 1992

227 specimens · 6 stops · 49 days · 2,824 km

D'Alte A. Welch

Kauaʻi · 1–28 Sep 1931

D'Alte A. Welch in Kauaʻi, 1–28 September 1931

260 specimens · 2 stops · 28 days · 67 km

Kenneth R. Wood

Savaii and Upolu · 2–30 Jun 2016

Kenneth R. Wood in Savaii and Upolu, 2–30 June 2016

132 specimens · 15 stops · 29 days · 80 km

Joseph F. Rock

4 islands of the United States · Jan – Mar 1920

Joseph F. Rock across 4 islands of the United States, January – March 1920

107 specimens · 12 stops · 42 days · 445 km

Marie Catherine Neal

Hawaiʻi Island and Kauaʻi · 1–30 Aug 1929

Marie Catherine Neal in Hawaiʻi Island and Kauaʻi, 1–30 August 1929

111 specimens · 12 stops · 30 days · 450 km

Benjamin C. Stone

Kauaʻi and Oʻahu · Dec 1956 – Jan 1957

Benjamin C. Stone in Kauaʻi and Oʻahu, December 1956 – January 1957

156 specimens · 7 stops · 12 days

Otto Degener

Maui · Jul – Aug 1939

Otto Degener in Maui, July – August 1939

99 specimens · 16 stops · 38 days · 339 km

Joseph F. Rock

Hawaiʻi Island and Oʻahu · Feb – Apr 1957

Joseph F. Rock in Hawaiʻi Island and Oʻahu, February – April 1957

96 specimens · 16 stops · 58 days · 908 km

C.D. Sayers

New Britain · Feb – Mar 1965

C.D. Sayers in New Britain, February – March 1965

159 specimens · 5 stops · 31 days · 222 km

Steven Perlman

Kauaʻi and Maui · Apr – Sep 2014

Steven Perlman in Kauaʻi and Maui, April – September 2014

73 specimens · 22 stops · 161 days · 1,352 km

Erling Christophersen

3 islands · Dec 1931 – Feb 1932

Erling Christophersen in Tutuila, Oʻahu and Upolu, December 1931 – February 1932

148 specimens · 8 stops · 47 days · 8,662 km

D. Wesley Garber

Tau and Olosega · Dec 1921 – Jan 1922

D. Wesley Garber in Tau and Olosega, December 1921 – January 1922

133 specimens · 10 stops · 45 days

M. Tabua

Savaii and Upolu · 2–30 Jun 2016

M. Tabua in Savaii and Upolu, 2–30 June 2016

133 specimens · 15 stops · 29 days · 80 km

How a journey is found

Every specimen with a full date (year, month and day; a bare “1 January” is treated as a missing day) and a named collector is a diary entry. For each collector the days are read in order, each day given the place most of its labels name. The place where a collector spent more than forty percent of their days, and at least sixty of them, is home: days there are left out.

A gap of more than 21 days between collecting days ends one journey and begins the next. A journey must run five to four hundred days, hold at least forty specimens and touch at least two places. Within it, consecutive days inside the same or a neighbouring tenth-of-a-degree cell (about eleven kilometres) are one stop; the stop’s point is the mean of its labels’ coordinates, or the island’s centre when none carry any.

Companions are collectors whose own labels put them in the same cell on the same days. Staff can name a journey, write about it, feature it or hide it; those words survive every rebuild. Everything else is read off the specimens and rebuilt by harvest.mjs expeditions as the records improve.