Bishop MuseumExplore

Journeys

The expeditions, reassembled

Every dated label is a diary entry. Read a collector’s labels in order and the voyage comes back: the islands in sequence, the days at each, the specimens from every stop. 1,954 journeys so far, 1874 to 2026, 349,432 specimens between them.

830 collectors and expeditions34,320 days in the field7,297,183 km between stops244,553 photographed specimens

Yoshio KondoKay Kondo

Oʻahu · Mar – Jun 1946

Yoshio KondoKay Kondo in Oʻahu, March – June 1946

124 specimens · 6 stops · 65 days · 506 km

J. Raynal

9 islands · Jun – Oct 1971

J. Raynal across 9 islands, June – October 1971

106 specimens · 42 stops · 103 days · 21,113 km

M. McArthur

8 islands · Jun – Jul 2022

M. McArthur across 8 islands, June – July 2022

108 specimens · 13 stops · 17 days

Earl T. Ozaki

Maui and Hawaiʻi Island · 7–25 Jun 1953

Earl T. Ozaki in Maui and Hawaiʻi Island, 7–25 June 1953

109 specimens · 15 stops · 19 days · 136 km

Peter F. Stevens

New Britain · May – Jun 1973

Peter F. Stevens in New Britain, May – June 1973

128 specimens · 7 stops · 39 days · 351 km

Edwin Horace Bryan Jr.

Oʻahu · May – Jun 1932

Edwin Horace Bryan Jr. in Oʻahu, May – June 1932

171 specimens · 4 stops · 31 days

J.C. Wang

Taiwan · Mar – Jun 1985

J.C. Wang in Taiwan, March – June 1985

103 specimens · 9 stops · 69 days

G.W. Gillett

4 islands · Jul – Sep 1970

G.W. Gillett across 4 islands, July – September 1970

94 specimens · 13 stops · 74 days · 5,743 km

R. Melville

6 islands of New Zealand · Feb – Mar 1962

R. Melville across 6 islands of New Zealand, February – March 1962

124 specimens · 9 stops · 37 days

Benjamin C. Stone

Sibuyan and Luzon · May – Jun 1992

Benjamin C. Stone in Sibuyan and Luzon, May – June 1992

133 specimens · 6 stops · 38 days · 409 km

T. Watanabe

7 islands · Jul – Aug 2009

T. Watanabe across 7 islands, July – August 2009

138 specimens · 11 stops · 40 days · 1,464 km

R.E. DeWreede

Maui · 1–22 Aug 1967

R.E. DeWreede in Maui, 1–22 August 1967

169 specimens · 4 stops · 22 days · 45 km

E.Y. Hashimoto

Hawaiʻi Island and Oʻahu · Dec 1931 – Jan 1932

E.Y. Hashimoto in Hawaiʻi Island and Oʻahu, December 1931 – January 1932

114 specimens · 10 stops · 21 days · 230 km

Lynette Williams

3 islands of New Caledonia · Aug – Sep 1940

Lynette Williams in New Caledonia, Grande-Terre and Grande Terre, August – September 1940

126 specimens · 8 stops · 42 days

T.Y. Yang

Taiwan and Formosa · Aug – Nov 1984

T.Y. Yang in Taiwan and Formosa, August – November 1984

78 specimens · 18 stops · 98 days

M.J.S. Sands

6 islands of Papua New Guinea · Sep – Dec 1975

M.J.S. Sands across 6 islands of Papua New Guinea, September – December 1975

102 specimens · 11 stops · 71 days · 3,193 km

L. Wester

4 islands of Kiribati · 1–29 Aug 1982

L. Wester across 4 islands of Kiribati, 1–29 August 1982

118 specimens · 14 stops · 29 days

W.S. Tang

Taiwan and Chihyuanshanchuang · Sep – Dec 1984

W.S. Tang in Taiwan and Chihyuanshanchuang, September – December 1984

76 specimens · 18 stops · 98 days

Wayne N. Takeuchi

Hawaiʻi Island · Apr – May 1989

Wayne N. Takeuchi in Hawaiʻi Island, April – May 1989

164 specimens · 5 stops · 22 days · 122 km

Leonard J. Brass

New Guinea · Apr – Nov 1959

Leonard J. Brass in New Guinea, April – November 1959

61 specimens · 37 stops · 221 days · 658 km

J. Ishimoto

Australia and Dunk · 1–16 Dec 2011

J. Ishimoto in Australia and Dunk, 1–16 December 2011

108 specimens · 13 stops · 16 days

Ernani Meñez

11 islands of the Philippines · Sep – Oct 1967

Ernani Meñez across 11 islands of the Philippines, September – October 1967

91 specimens · 14 stops · 41 days · 3,373 km

Steven Perlman

10 islands · Dec 2007 – Feb 2008

Steven Perlman across 10 islands, December 2007 – February 2008

83 specimens · 18 stops · 53 days · 7,666 km

Harold St.John

Singapore and Penang · May – Jul 1960

Harold St.John in Singapore and Penang, May – July 1960

82 specimens · 18 stops · 53 days · 3,081 km

How a journey is found

Every specimen with a full date (year, month and day; a bare “1 January” is treated as a missing day) and a named collector is a diary entry. For each collector the days are read in order, each day given the place most of its labels name. The place where a collector spent more than forty percent of their days, and at least sixty of them, is home: days there are left out.

A gap of more than 21 days between collecting days ends one journey and begins the next. A journey must run five to four hundred days, hold at least forty specimens and touch at least two places. Within it, consecutive days inside the same or a neighbouring tenth-of-a-degree cell (about eleven kilometres) are one stop; the stop’s point is the mean of its labels’ coordinates, or the island’s centre when none carry any.

Companions are collectors whose own labels put them in the same cell on the same days. Staff can name a journey, write about it, feature it or hide it; those words survive every rebuild. Everything else is read off the specimens and rebuilt by harvest.mjs expeditions as the records improve.