Bishop MuseumExplore

Journeys

The expeditions, reassembled

Every dated label is a diary entry. Read a collector’s labels in order and the voyage comes back: the islands in sequence, the days at each, the specimens from every stop. 1,954 journeys so far, 1874 to 2026, 349,432 specimens between them.

830 collectors and expeditions34,320 days in the field7,297,183 km between stops244,553 photographed specimens

Wayne N. Takeuchi

Kauaʻi and Oʻahu · Sep – Dec 1982

Wayne N. Takeuchi in Kauaʻi and Oʻahu, September – December 1982

79 specimens · 8 stops · 68 days · 254 km

R.L. Stemmermann

4 islands · Feb – Apr 1977

R.L. Stemmermann across 4 islands, February – April 1977

85 specimens · 13 stops · 62 days · 5,427 km

G.C.G. Argent

Ireland and Great Britain · Jul – Sep 1966

G.C.G. Argent in Ireland and Great Britain, July – September 1966

62 specimens · 16 stops · 50 days

Maxwell S. Doty

3 islands · 1–28 Aug 1955

Maxwell S. Doty in Maui, Hawaiʻi Island and Yoron Island, 1–28 August 1955

94 specimens · 8 stops · 28 days · 397 km

Warren L. Wagner Jr.

Kauaʻi · 26–31 Aug 1983

Warren L. Wagner Jr. in Kauaʻi, 26–31 August 1983

131 specimens · 5 stops · 6 days

A. Takahashi

3 islands of Japan · 7–21 Mar 1982

A. Takahashi in Iriomote Island, Ishigaki Island and Iriomote, 7–21 March 1982

81 specimens · 12 stops · 15 days

Albert C. Smith

Vanua Levu and Taveuni · Apr – May 1969

Albert C. Smith in Vanua Levu and Taveuni, April – May 1969

132 specimens · 6 stops · 16 days · 8,079 km

Ismail Tukirin

Ceram and Seram · Nov – Dec 1990

Ismail Tukirin in Ceram and Seram, November – December 1990

86 specimens · 10 stops · 15 days · 1,446 km

M. Marshall

Namoluk Atoll · Jul – Aug 1971

M. Marshall in Namoluk Atoll, July – August 1971

103 specimens · 6 stops · 38 days

William A. Setchell

4 islands · May – Jun 1926

William A. Setchell across 4 islands, May – June 1926

124 specimens · 6 stops · 32 days

Ismail Tukirin

Borneo and Kalimantan · Mar – May 1988

Ismail Tukirin in Borneo and Kalimantan, March – May 1988

63 specimens · 16 stops · 41 days · 3,424 km

S. Rojkowski

4 countries · Dec 1975 – Feb 1976

S. Rojkowski across 4 countries, December 1975 – February 1976

55 specimens · 19 stops · 79 days

Otto Degener

Lānaʻi and Hawaiʻi Island · Jan – Mar 1964

Otto Degener in Lānaʻi and Hawaiʻi Island, January – March 1964

88 specimens · 6 stops · 59 days · 85 km

Benjamin C. Stone

6 islands · Jan – Apr 1967

Benjamin C. Stone across 6 islands, January – April 1967

60 specimens · 16 stops · 68 days · 10,590 km

J.W.P. Parham

Vanua Levu and Taveuni · Apr – May 1969

J.W.P. Parham in Vanua Levu and Taveuni, April – May 1969

129 specimens · 6 stops · 16 days · 8,079 km

A. Budantzev

Vietnam · Feb – Apr 1995

A. Budantzev in Vietnam, February – April 1995

64 specimens · 13 stops · 60 days

N.T. Ban

Vietnam · Feb – Apr 1995

N.T. Ban in Vietnam, February – April 1995

64 specimens · 13 stops · 60 days

L.A.C. Craven

New Guinea · Jun – Jul 1974

L.A.C. Craven in New Guinea, June – July 1974

139 specimens · 3 stops · 29 days · 14,137 km

F. Adair

Tarawa Atoll · Aug – Nov 1967

F. Adair in Tarawa Atoll, August – November 1967

76 specimens · 19 stops · 93 days

M. Kiehn

5 islands of the United States · Jul – Sep 1990

M. Kiehn across 5 islands of the United States, July – September 1990

60 specimens · 16 stops · 65 days · 1,646 km

W.H. Hatheway

Hawaiʻi Island and Maui · Oct – Nov 1950

W.H. Hatheway in Hawaiʻi Island and Maui, October – November 1950

69 specimens · 15 stops · 33 days · 226 km

F. Raymond Fosberg

4 islands · Aug – Sep 1961

F. Raymond Fosberg across 4 islands, August – September 1961

70 specimens · 13 stops · 34 days · 462 km

J.S. Burley

Ceram and Seram · Nov – Dec 1990

J.S. Burley in Ceram and Seram, November – December 1990

88 specimens · 9 stops · 15 days · 1,446 km

David H. Lorence

8 islands · Jun – Jul 2022

David H. Lorence across 8 islands, June – July 2022

86 specimens · 9 stops · 17 days

How a journey is found

Every specimen with a full date (year, month and day; a bare “1 January” is treated as a missing day) and a named collector is a diary entry. For each collector the days are read in order, each day given the place most of its labels name. The place where a collector spent more than forty percent of their days, and at least sixty of them, is home: days there are left out.

A gap of more than 21 days between collecting days ends one journey and begins the next. A journey must run five to four hundred days, hold at least forty specimens and touch at least two places. Within it, consecutive days inside the same or a neighbouring tenth-of-a-degree cell (about eleven kilometres) are one stop; the stop’s point is the mean of its labels’ coordinates, or the island’s centre when none carry any.

Companions are collectors whose own labels put them in the same cell on the same days. Staff can name a journey, write about it, feature it or hide it; those words survive every rebuild. Everything else is read off the specimens and rebuilt by harvest.mjs expeditions as the records improve.