Journeys
The expeditions, reassembled
Every dated label is a diary entry. Read a collector’s labels in order and the voyage comes back: the islands in sequence, the days at each, the specimens from every stop. 1,954 journeys so far, 1874 to 2026, 349,432 specimens between them.
830 collectors and expeditions34,320 days in the field7,297,183 km between stops244,553 photographed specimens
1,954 journeys match
G.A. Santos
8 islands of the Philippines · Jul – Sep 1971
G.A. Santos across 8 islands of the Philippines, July – September 197159 specimens · 14 stops · 71 days · 2,580 km
Harold St.John
Oʻahu · Mar – Jun 1941
Harold St.John in Oʻahu, March – June 194163 specimens · 11 stops · 71 days
Y. Lelean
Lavongai and New Ireland · Sep – Oct 1974
Y. Lelean in Lavongai and New Ireland, September – October 1974104 specimens · 4 stops · 46 days · 315 km
Edward Leonard Caum
7 islands · 1–28 Apr 1923
Edward Leonard Caum across 7 islands, 1–28 April 192378 specimens · 10 stops · 28 days · 2,863 km
Nengah Wirawan
Oʻahu · 12–23 Aug 1972
Nengah Wirawan in Oʻahu, 12–23 August 197283 specimens · 9 stops · 12 days
G.W. Gillett
the United States · Jul – Aug 1957
G.W. Gillett in the United States, July – August 195788 specimens · 5 stops · 51 days
van Balgooy
Oʻahu and Kauaʻi · May – Jun 1982
van Balgooy in Oʻahu and Kauaʻi, May – June 198291 specimens · 7 stops · 13 days · 509 km
Y. Iwasaki
Hawaiʻi Island · Jan – Apr 1930
Y. Iwasaki in Hawaiʻi Island, January – April 193053 specimens · 16 stops · 103 days · 99 km
W.A. Niering
5 islands of Micronesia · Jun – Sep 1954
W.A. Niering across 5 islands of Micronesia, June – September 195454 specimens · 21 stops · 75 days · 3,095 km
T. Watanabe
6 islands of the Solomon Islands · Jul – Sep 2008
T. Watanabe across 6 islands of the Solomon Islands, July – September 2008128 specimens · 9 stops · 41 days · 638 km
S. Balasubramaniam
Sri Lanka · 11–29 Aug 1984
S. Balasubramaniam in Sri Lanka, 11–29 August 198492 specimens · 6 stops · 19 days
F. Raymond Fosberg
3 islands · Jan – Feb 1983
F. Raymond Fosberg in North Island, South Island and Hawaiʻi Island, January – February 198360 specimens · 15 stops · 36 days · 19,213 km
Van-Ray Tadao
Palau and Palao · 4–21 Nov 2013
Van-Ray Tadao in Palau and Palao, 4–21 November 2013100 specimens · 5 stops · 18 days
Isa Degener
Lānaʻi and Hawaiʻi Island · Jan – Feb 1964
Isa Degener in Lānaʻi and Hawaiʻi Island, January – February 196477 specimens · 8 stops · 27 days · 247 km
Otto Degener
Oʻahu · Jan – May 1938
Otto Degener in Oʻahu, January – May 193855 specimens · 14 stops · 109 days
Kenneth R. Wood
4 islands of French Polynesia · Jun – Jul 2004
Kenneth R. Wood across 4 islands of French Polynesia, June – July 200494 specimens · 13 stops · 41 days · 1,519 km
H.L. Lyon
Hawaiʻi Island · Jan – Mar 1908
H.L. Lyon in Hawaiʻi Island, January – March 190863 specimens · 11 stops · 71 days · 222 km
Fred W. Ball
11 islands of the United States · 5–25 Jul 1977
Fred W. Ball across 11 islands of the United States, 5–25 July 197773 specimens · 10 stops · 21 days · 1,615 km
Jan-Peter Frahm
3 islands of Brazil · Jul – Sep 1977
Jan-Peter Frahm in Rio De Janeiro, Cardoso Island and Oʻahu, July – September 197747 specimens · 26 stops · 61 days · 12,609 km
Maxwell S. Doty
6 islands · Nov 1975 – Mar 1976
Maxwell S. Doty across 6 islands, November 1975 – March 197661 specimens · 13 stops · 131 days · 16,972 km
K.L. Marr
3 islands of the United States · Apr – Aug 1988
K.L. Marr in Oʻahu, Kauaʻi and Hawaiʻi Island, April – August 198850 specimens · 16 stops · 107 days · 1,706 km
W.R. Sykes
3 islands of the Cook Islands · Aug – Sep 1982
W.R. Sykes in Rarotonga, Mitiaro and Mauke, August – September 198287 specimens · 24 stops · 25 days
Y. Nitta
Oʻahu · May – Jul 1932
Y. Nitta in Oʻahu, May – July 193272 specimens · 8 stops · 52 days
F. Raymond Fosberg
9 islands of the Marshall Islands · 4–15 Feb 1956
F. Raymond Fosberg across 9 islands of the Marshall Islands, 4–15 February 1956102 specimens · 11 stops · 12 days · 1,332 km
How a journey is found
Every specimen with a full date (year, month and day; a bare “1 January” is treated as a missing day) and a named collector is a diary entry. For each collector the days are read in order, each day given the place most of its labels name. The place where a collector spent more than forty percent of their days, and at least sixty of them, is home: days there are left out.
A gap of more than 21 days between collecting days ends one journey and begins the next. A journey must run five to four hundred days, hold at least forty specimens and touch at least two places. Within it, consecutive days inside the same or a neighbouring tenth-of-a-degree cell (about eleven kilometres) are one stop; the stop’s point is the mean of its labels’ coordinates, or the island’s centre when none carry any.
Companions are collectors whose own labels put them in the same cell on the same days. Staff can name a journey, write about it, feature it or hide it; those words survive every rebuild. Everything else is read off the specimens and rebuilt by harvest.mjs expeditions as the records improve.
