Bishop MuseumExplore

Journeys

The expeditions, reassembled

Every dated label is a diary entry. Read a collector’s labels in order and the voyage comes back: the islands in sequence, the days at each, the specimens from every stop. 1,954 journeys so far, 1874 to 2026, 349,432 specimens between them.

830 collectors and expeditions34,320 days in the field7,297,183 km between stops244,553 photographed specimens

K.K. Chen

Palau · 4–21 Nov 2013

K.K. Chen in Palau, 4–21 November 2013

74 specimens · 5 stops · 18 days

Zennoske Iwatsuki

4 islands of Japan · Aug – Sep 1975

Zennoske Iwatsuki across 4 islands of Japan, August – September 1975

47 specimens · 12 stops · 37 days · 686 km

L.M. Crago

Oʻahu · Oct – Dec 2005

L.M. Crago in Oʻahu, October – December 2005

55 specimens · 7 stops · 56 days · 511 km

Noel Louis Hilmer Krauss

4 islands · Jan – Feb 1962

Noel Louis Hilmer Krauss across 4 islands, January – February 1962

57 specimens · 12 stops · 30 days · 22,109 km

Stephen L. Coles

3 islands · May – Jun 2000

Stephen L. Coles in Johnston Island, Sand Island and Molokaʻi, May – June 2000

219 specimens · 2 stops · 23 days · 3,552 km

J.M. Powell

Australia · Aug – Sep 1979

J.M. Powell in Australia, August – September 1979

42 specimens · 17 stops · 33 days

Nengah Wirawan

3 islands of Indonesia · Dec 1963 – Jan 1964

Nengah Wirawan in Java, Peucang Island and Bogor, December 1963 – January 1964

43 specimens · 17 stops · 33 days

K. Faccenda

Kauaʻi · 2–6 Mar 2026

K. Faccenda in Kauaʻi, 2–6 March 2026

126 specimens · 5 stops · 5 days

C.T. Imada

Kauaʻi · 6–12 Apr 1988

C.T. Imada in Kauaʻi, 6–12 April 1988

76 specimens · 7 stops · 7 days

L. Shine

Myanmar · Aug – Sep 2013

L. Shine in Myanmar, August – September 2013

44 specimens · 16 stops · 26 days

R.L. Stemmermann

5 islands · Nov – Dec 1979

R.L. Stemmermann across 5 islands, November – December 1979

78 specimens · 10 stops · 34 days · 5,655 km

G.T. Kraft

Luzon · 1–27 Mar 1968

G.T. Kraft in Luzon, 1–27 March 1968

58 specimens · 10 stops · 27 days

Warren L. Wagner Jr.

3 islands of the United States · Oct – Dec 1984

Warren L. Wagner Jr. in Maui, Oʻahu and Molokaʻi, October – December 1984

55 specimens · 7 stops · 57 days · 194 km

John T. Buchholz

3 islands · Feb – Mar 1948

John T. Buchholz in New Caledonia, Isle Of Pines and New Guinea, February – March 1948

62 specimens · 13 stops · 51 days

L.B. Preskitt

Rose Atoll and Swains Island · 11–26 Feb 2002

L.B. Preskitt in Rose Atoll and Swains Island, 11–26 February 2002

72 specimens · 7 stops · 16 days · 1,020 km

Derral R. Herbst

3 islands of the United States · Dec 1969 – Feb 1970

Derral R. Herbst in Oʻahu, Hawaiʻi Island and Kauaʻi, December 1969 – February 1970

40 specimens · 15 stops · 84 days · 1,198 km

Maxwell S. Doty

3 islands · Feb – Jul 1982

Maxwell S. Doty in Oʻahu, Hawaiʻi Island and Mwand Peidak, February – July 1982

74 specimens · 9 stops · 147 days · 780 km

Jacques Florence

Bora Bora and Raiatea · Nov – Dec 1993

Jacques Florence in Bora Bora and Raiatea, November – December 1993

205 specimens · 2 stops · 15 days · 46 km

F. Raymond Fosberg

4 islands · Nov – Dec 1963

F. Raymond Fosberg across 4 islands, November – December 1963

57 specimens · 9 stops · 20 days

Otto Degener

Oʻahu and Maui · Oct – Dec 1926

Otto Degener in Oʻahu and Maui, October – December 1926

41 specimens · 14 stops · 66 days · 610 km

Kenneth R. Wood

7 islands of Palau · Jun – Jul 2022

Kenneth R. Wood across 7 islands of Palau, June – July 2022

55 specimens · 10 stops · 18 days

H. Van Sickle

Oʻahu · Jan – Mar 1997

H. Van Sickle in Oʻahu, January – March 1997

52 specimens · 8 stops · 69 days · 717 km

A.M. Octavio

Oʻahu · Nov 1929 – Jan 1930

A.M. Octavio in Oʻahu, November 1929 – January 1930

41 specimens · 13 stops · 72 days · 720 km

Betsy H. Gagne

Maui and Kauaʻi · Apr – May 1991

Betsy H. Gagne in Maui and Kauaʻi, April – May 1991

48 specimens · 10 stops · 43 days · 706 km

How a journey is found

Every specimen with a full date (year, month and day; a bare “1 January” is treated as a missing day) and a named collector is a diary entry. For each collector the days are read in order, each day given the place most of its labels name. The place where a collector spent more than forty percent of their days, and at least sixty of them, is home: days there are left out.

A gap of more than 21 days between collecting days ends one journey and begins the next. A journey must run five to four hundred days, hold at least forty specimens and touch at least two places. Within it, consecutive days inside the same or a neighbouring tenth-of-a-degree cell (about eleven kilometres) are one stop; the stop’s point is the mean of its labels’ coordinates, or the island’s centre when none carry any.

Companions are collectors whose own labels put them in the same cell on the same days. Staff can name a journey, write about it, feature it or hide it; those words survive every rebuild. Everything else is read off the specimens and rebuilt by harvest.mjs expeditions as the records improve.