Bishop MuseumExplore

Journeys

The expeditions, reassembled

Every dated label is a diary entry. Read a collector’s labels in order and the voyage comes back: the islands in sequence, the days at each, the specimens from every stop. 1,954 journeys so far, 1874 to 2026, 349,432 specimens between them.

830 collectors and expeditions34,320 days in the field7,297,183 km between stops244,553 photographed specimens

J.K. Small

the United States · Jun – Aug 1893

J.K. Small in the United States, June – August 1893

47 specimens · 9 stops · 59 days

L.M. Giuseffi

Molokaʻi and Oʻahu · Aug – Sep 2007

L.M. Giuseffi in Molokaʻi and Oʻahu, August – September 2007

169 specimens · 2 stops · 22 days · 92 km

M.J.E. Coode

New Ireland and Lavongai · Jan – Feb 1967

M.J.E. Coode in New Ireland and Lavongai, January – February 1967

63 specimens · 6 stops · 26 days · 472 km

W.M. Hamilton

3 islands of New Zealand · 5–16 Mar 1962

W.M. Hamilton in Little Barrier, New Zealand and North Island, 5–16 March 1962

61 specimens · 8 stops · 12 days

V.O. Fosberg

Oʻahu · Mar – May 1937

V.O. Fosberg in Oʻahu, March – May 1937

49 specimens · 8 stops · 71 days

K. Faccenda

Kauaʻi · May – Jun 2022

K. Faccenda in Kauaʻi, May – June 2022

74 specimens · 6 stops · 7 days

Alvarez

Bohol and Cebu · Mar – Apr 1993

Alvarez in Bohol and Cebu, March – April 1993

125 specimens · 2 stops · 12 days · 77 km

Pakki A. Reath

Hawaiʻi Island · 23–28 Jun 2003

Pakki A. Reath in Hawaiʻi Island, 23–28 June 2003

258 specimens · 2 stops · 6 days

Michael Martinez

Oʻahu · Mar – Apr 1936

Michael Martinez in Oʻahu, March – April 1936

50 specimens · 9 stops · 39 days · 294 km

Liloa Dunn

4 islands of French Polynesia · Nov – Dec 2003

Liloa Dunn across 4 islands of French Polynesia, November – December 2003

94 specimens · 5 stops · 28 days · 1,902 km

Paul K. Higashino

Oʻahu and Kahoʻolawe · Oct – Nov 1976

Paul K. Higashino in Oʻahu and Kahoʻolawe, October – November 1976

67 specimens · 5 stops · 28 days · 151 km

Fuentes

3 islands of the Philippines · Apr – May 1991

Fuentes in Negros, Mindoro and Mindanao, April – May 1991

54 specimens · 9 stops · 49 days · 689 km

W. Wong

Kauaʻi · Dec 1930 – Jan 1931

W. Wong in Kauaʻi, December 1930 – January 1931

59 specimens · 8 stops · 15 days

J.C. Lindsay

Kauaʻi · Dec 1930 – Jan 1931

J.C. Lindsay in Kauaʻi, December 1930 – January 1931

59 specimens · 8 stops · 15 days

R. Masuhara

Kauaʻi · Dec 1930 – Jan 1931

R. Masuhara in Kauaʻi, December 1930 – January 1931

59 specimens · 8 stops · 15 days

Paul K. Higashino

Maui · Dec 1975 – Jan 1976

Paul K. Higashino in Maui, December 1975 – January 1976

84 specimens · 4 stops · 10 days · 58 km

Harry G. Lee

4 islands of the United States · Oct – Dec 1925

Harry G. Lee across 4 islands of the United States, October – December 1925

48 specimens · 9 stops · 62 days · 1,105 km

John W. Gillespie

Oʻahu · 1–8 Jul 1927

John W. Gillespie in Oʻahu, 1–8 July 1927

86 specimens · 4 stops · 8 days

A.W.C.T. Herre

10 islands · Mar – Jun 1929

A.W.C.T. Herre across 10 islands, March – June 1929

46 specimens · 15 stops · 93 days · 5,808 km

Seymour H. Sohmer

Luzon and Quezon · 9–14 Feb 1985

Seymour H. Sohmer in Luzon and Quezon, 9–14 February 1985

81 specimens · 5 stops · 6 days

Katherine Luomala

Tabiteuea and Onotoa · Oct – Dec 1948

Katherine Luomala in Tabiteuea and Onotoa, October – December 1948

62 specimens · 10 stops · 58 days

K.E. Schlech

Oʻahu and Kauaʻi · Jan – May 1980

K.E. Schlech in Oʻahu and Kauaʻi, January – May 1980

44 specimens · 10 stops · 131 days · 432 km

R.L. Stemmermann

Oʻahu · Mar – May 1973

R.L. Stemmermann in Oʻahu, March – May 1973

65 specimens · 16 stops · 49 days

Benjamin C. Stone

4 islands of the Philippines · Nov 1991 – Feb 1992

Benjamin C. Stone across 4 islands of the Philippines, November 1991 – February 1992

43 specimens · 11 stops · 77 days · 613 km

How a journey is found

Every specimen with a full date (year, month and day; a bare “1 January” is treated as a missing day) and a named collector is a diary entry. For each collector the days are read in order, each day given the place most of its labels name. The place where a collector spent more than forty percent of their days, and at least sixty of them, is home: days there are left out.

A gap of more than 21 days between collecting days ends one journey and begins the next. A journey must run five to four hundred days, hold at least forty specimens and touch at least two places. Within it, consecutive days inside the same or a neighbouring tenth-of-a-degree cell (about eleven kilometres) are one stop; the stop’s point is the mean of its labels’ coordinates, or the island’s centre when none carry any.

Companions are collectors whose own labels put them in the same cell on the same days. Staff can name a journey, write about it, feature it or hide it; those words survive every rebuild. Everything else is read off the specimens and rebuilt by harvest.mjs expeditions as the records improve.