Bishop MuseumExplore

Journeys

The expeditions, reassembled

Every dated label is a diary entry. Read a collector’s labels in order and the voyage comes back: the islands in sequence, the days at each, the specimens from every stop. 1,954 journeys so far, 1874 to 2026, 349,432 specimens between them.

830 collectors and expeditions34,320 days in the field7,297,183 km between stops244,553 photographed specimens

Gustav Paulay

3 islands of the Pitcairn Islands · 12–28 May 1987

Gustav Paulay in Henderson Island, Oeno Island and Pitcairn Island, 12–28 May 1987

41 specimens · 4 stops · 17 days · 285 km

B.K. Kirchoff

Oʻahu · 24–30 May 1988

B.K. Kirchoff in Oʻahu, 24–30 May 1988

45 specimens · 2 stops · 7 days

Betsy H. Gagne

Maui · Feb – Mar 1984

Betsy H. Gagne in Maui, February – March 1984

63 specimens · 3 stops · 13 days

John Strazanac

Nihoa · 20–28 Jun 1990

John Strazanac in Nihoa, 20–28 June 1990

47 specimens · 6 stops · 9 days

A. Harbottle

Lānaʻi · 5–11 Feb 2003

A. Harbottle in Lānaʻi, 5–11 February 2003

74 specimens · 2 stops · 7 days · 147 km

Maxwell S. Doty

Oʻahu · Mar – Apr 1960

Maxwell S. Doty in Oʻahu, March – April 1960

42 specimens · 5 stops · 19 days · 164 km

K. Morrison

Maui · 2–11 May 2023

K. Morrison in Maui, 2–11 May 2023

44 specimens · 2 stops · 10 days

E.J. Funk

Sri Lanka and Hawaiʻi Island · 9–18 Dec 1992

E.J. Funk in Sri Lanka and Hawaiʻi Island, 9–18 December 1992

44 specimens · 2 stops · 10 days

M. Gilmartin

Enewetak Atoll · Aug – Sep 1955

M. Gilmartin in Enewetak Atoll, August – September 1955

41 specimens · 6 stops · 10 days

S.N. Ching

Oʻahu · Apr – May 2022

S.N. Ching in Oʻahu, April – May 2022

51 specimens · 3 stops · 28 days

Clarence H. Cooke Jr.

Palmyra Atoll · 1–28 Jul 1913

Clarence H. Cooke Jr. in Palmyra Atoll, 1–28 July 1913

42 specimens · 2 stops · 28 days · 893 km

W.J. Vaughn

the United States · 20–30 May 1926

W.J. Vaughn in the United States, 20–30 May 1926

61 specimens · 3 stops · 11 days

Frank A. Parrish

4 islands of the United States · Jun – Jul 1991

Frank A. Parrish across 4 islands of the United States, June – July 1991

50 specimens · 4 stops · 13 days · 353 km

R. Kanehira

6 islands · Jun – Jul 1931

R. Kanehira across 6 islands, June – July 1931

53 specimens · 2 stops · 8 days

Jacques Florence

Tikehau · Oct – Nov 1984

Jacques Florence in Tikehau, October – November 1984

64 specimens · 2 stops · 8 days · 16 km

G.N. Jones

the United States · 20–30 May 1926

G.N. Jones in the United States, 20–30 May 1926

57 specimens · 3 stops · 11 days

Ernani Meñez

3 islands of the Philippines · Apr – May 1958

Ernani Meñez in Cuyo, Palawan and Mindanao, April – May 1958

43 specimens · 2 stops · 6 days · 402 km

S. Gale

Malaita and Guadalcanal · 5–11 Sep 2007

S. Gale in Malaita and Guadalcanal, 5–11 September 2007

42 specimens · 5 stops · 7 days · 186 km

W.H. Magruder

Molokaʻi and Maui · Jul – Aug 1988

W.H. Magruder in Molokaʻi and Maui, July – August 1988

67 specimens · 2 stops · 14 days · 62 km

J. Thaanum

the United States · 20–30 May 1926

J. Thaanum in the United States, 20–30 May 1926

54 specimens · 3 stops · 11 days

K. Taho

New Guinea · Aug – Sep 1973

K. Taho in New Guinea, August – September 1973

41 specimens · 2 stops · 7 days · 56 km

Diane Ragone

Kosrae and Pohnpei · 2–20 Dec 1996

Diane Ragone in Kosrae and Pohnpei, 2–20 December 1996

40 specimens · 4 stops · 19 days · 1,228 km

Fuentes

Luzon · 1–15 Jul 1994

Fuentes in Luzon, 1–15 July 1994

42 specimens · 2 stops · 15 days · 93 km

Ralph C. DeFelice

Oʻahu · Jul – Aug 1998

Ralph C. DeFelice in Oʻahu, July – August 1998

54 specimens · 2 stops · 30 days · 28 km

How a journey is found

Every specimen with a full date (year, month and day; a bare “1 January” is treated as a missing day) and a named collector is a diary entry. For each collector the days are read in order, each day given the place most of its labels name. The place where a collector spent more than forty percent of their days, and at least sixty of them, is home: days there are left out.

A gap of more than 21 days between collecting days ends one journey and begins the next. A journey must run five to four hundred days, hold at least forty specimens and touch at least two places. Within it, consecutive days inside the same or a neighbouring tenth-of-a-degree cell (about eleven kilometres) are one stop; the stop’s point is the mean of its labels’ coordinates, or the island’s centre when none carry any.

Companions are collectors whose own labels put them in the same cell on the same days. Staff can name a journey, write about it, feature it or hide it; those words survive every rebuild. Everything else is read off the specimens and rebuilt by harvest.mjs expeditions as the records improve.