Bishop MuseumExplore

Journeys

The expeditions, reassembled

Every dated label is a diary entry. Read a collector’s labels in order and the voyage comes back: the islands in sequence, the days at each, the specimens from every stop. 342 journeys so far, 1879 to 2025, 69,351 specimens between them.

156 collectors and expeditions6,884 days in the field831,051 km between stops51,513 photographed specimens

G.J. Spence

4 islands of the United States · Oct – Dec 1972

G.J. Spence across 4 islands of the United States, October – December 1972

55 specimens · 15 stops · 75 days · 1,315 km

Maxwell S. Doty

6 islands · Nov 1975 – Mar 1976

Maxwell S. Doty across 6 islands, November 1975 – March 1976

61 specimens · 13 stops · 131 days · 16,972 km

Maxwell S. Doty

4 islands of the United States · Oct – Dec 1955

Maxwell S. Doty across 4 islands of the United States, October – December 1955

78 specimens · 10 stops · 80 days · 1,239 km

Otto Degener

15 islands · May – Aug 1982

Otto Degener across 15 islands, May – August 1982

71 specimens · 26 stops · 89 days · 26,628 km

Paul K. Higashino

4 islands of the United States · Feb – Mar 1975

Paul K. Higashino across 4 islands of the United States, February – March 1975

86 specimens · 11 stops · 51 days · 498 km

Maxwell S. Doty

5 islands · Jan – May 1959

Maxwell S. Doty across 5 islands, January – May 1959

70 specimens · 17 stops · 110 days · 10,865 km

Derral R. Herbst

Kauaʻi and Maui · Nov 1972 – Feb 1973

Derral R. Herbst in Kauaʻi and Maui, November 1972 – February 1973

58 specimens · 11 stops · 79 days · 768 km

M.S. Kim

Maui and Oʻahu · Dec 2000 – Feb 2001

M.S. Kim in Maui and Oʻahu, December 2000 – February 2001

152 specimens · 4 stops · 45 days · 68 km

S.G. Weller

3 islands of the United States · Jun – Jul 1985

S.G. Weller in Hawaiʻi Island, Lānaʻi and Maui, June – July 1985

74 specimens · 10 stops · 14 days · 289 km

C.E. Hartt

Maui and Hawaiʻi Island · 6–18 Aug 1933

C.E. Hartt in Maui and Hawaiʻi Island, 6–18 August 1933

93 specimens · 6 stops · 13 days · 136 km

Edward Yataro Hosaka

5 islands of the United States · Jul – Aug 1931

Edward Yataro Hosaka across 5 islands of the United States, July – August 1931

82 specimens · 6 stops · 24 days · 1,149 km

Thomas G. Lammers

4 islands of the United States · Jun – Jul 1985

Thomas G. Lammers across 4 islands of the United States, June – July 1985

63 specimens · 12 stops · 18 days · 636 km

R.C. Gardner

6 islands · Jan – Mar 1975

R.C. Gardner across 6 islands, January – March 1975

49 specimens · 15 stops · 54 days · 18,774 km

Isa Degener

14 islands · May – Aug 1982

Isa Degener across 14 islands, May – August 1982

66 specimens · 25 stops · 81 days · 26,529 km

Charles N. Forbes

3 islands of the United States · Oct 1910 – Jan 1911

Charles N. Forbes in Oʻahu, Maui and Kauaʻi, October 1910 – January 1911

48 specimens · 16 stops · 97 days · 1,320 km

Steven Perlman

4 islands of the United States · Apr – Jul 2012

Steven Perlman across 4 islands of the United States, April – July 2012

47 specimens · 14 stops · 84 days · 1,122 km

A.K. Sakai

3 islands of the United States · Jun – Jul 1985

A.K. Sakai in Hawaiʻi Island, Lānaʻi and Maui, June – July 1985

70 specimens · 9 stops · 14 days · 289 km

E.A. Bessey

Hawaiʻi Island and Maui · 1–29 Jun 1940

E.A. Bessey in Hawaiʻi Island and Maui, 1–29 June 1940

106 specimens · 13 stops · 29 days · 325 km

A.A. Tam

Maui and Molokaʻi · 1–30 Mar 1952

A.A. Tam in Maui and Molokaʻi, 1–30 March 1952

78 specimens · 6 stops · 30 days · 204 km

Steven Perlman

4 islands · Mar – May 2007

Steven Perlman across 4 islands, March – May 2007

77 specimens · 9 stops · 50 days · 5,611 km

F. Salucop

Maui · Jul – Aug 1939

F. Salucop in Maui, July – August 1939

58 specimens · 10 stops · 36 days · 189 km

R.L. Stemmermann

Hawaiʻi Island and Maui · Mar – Jul 1980

R.L. Stemmermann in Hawaiʻi Island and Maui, March – July 1980

41 specimens · 18 stops · 132 days · 766 km

R.L. Stemmermann

Hawaiʻi Island and Maui · 7–28 Apr 1984

R.L. Stemmermann in Hawaiʻi Island and Maui, 7–28 April 1984

91 specimens · 4 stops · 22 days

David Palmer

Kauaʻi and Maui · Jun – Jul 1992

David Palmer in Kauaʻi and Maui, June – July 1992

62 specimens · 8 stops · 47 days · 338 km

How a journey is found

Every specimen with a full date (year, month and day; a bare “1 January” is treated as a missing day) and a named collector is a diary entry. For each collector the days are read in order, each day given the place most of its labels name. The place where a collector spent more than forty percent of their days, and at least sixty of them, is home: days there are left out.

A gap of more than 21 days between collecting days ends one journey and begins the next. A journey must run five to four hundred days, hold at least forty specimens and touch at least two places. Within it, consecutive days inside the same or a neighbouring tenth-of-a-degree cell (about eleven kilometres) are one stop; the stop’s point is the mean of its labels’ coordinates, or the island’s centre when none carry any.

Companions are collectors whose own labels put them in the same cell on the same days. Staff can name a journey, write about it, feature it or hide it; those words survive every rebuild. Everything else is read off the specimens and rebuilt by harvest.mjs expeditions as the records improve.