Bishop MuseumExplore

Journeys

The expeditions, reassembled

Every dated label is a diary entry. Read a collector’s labels in order and the voyage comes back: the islands in sequence, the days at each, the specimens from every stop. 342 journeys so far, 1879 to 2025, 69,351 specimens between them.

156 collectors and expeditions6,884 days in the field831,051 km between stops51,513 photographed specimens

Keith D.P. Wilson

3 islands of the United States · May – Jun 1994

Keith D.P. Wilson in Hawaiʻi Island, Molokaʻi and Maui, May – June 1994

55 specimens · 7 stops · 32 days · 459 km

Donald P. Abbott

Maui · Aug – Sep 1976

Donald P. Abbott in Maui, August – September 1976

70 specimens · 5 stops · 15 days · 369 km

L.M. Hodgson

3 islands of the United States · Jan – Mar 2000

L.M. Hodgson in Oʻahu, Maui and Midway Atoll, January – March 2000

42 specimens · 10 stops · 64 days · 2,463 km

Noel Louis Hilmer Krauss

7 islands · Jan – Mar 1960

Noel Louis Hilmer Krauss across 7 islands, January – March 1960

57 specimens · 7 stops · 58 days · 16,910 km

M.L. Lohman

Maui and Oʻahu · 1–30 Dec 1951

M.L. Lohman in Maui and Oʻahu, 1–30 December 1951

61 specimens · 13 stops · 30 days · 298 km

Noel Louis Hilmer Krauss

5 islands · Jan – Feb 1961

Noel Louis Hilmer Krauss across 5 islands, January – February 1961

49 specimens · 14 stops · 40 days · 5,401 km

Seymour H. Sohmer

Maui and Oʻahu · Aug – Sep 1970

Seymour H. Sohmer in Maui and Oʻahu, August – September 1970

59 specimens · 7 stops · 21 days · 135 km

A.V. Freire

Maui · Feb – Mar 2023

A.V. Freire in Maui, February – March 2023

150 specimens · 3 stops · 23 days

David Palmer

Hawaiʻi Island and Maui · Jun – Jul 1991

David Palmer in Hawaiʻi Island and Maui, June – July 1991

45 specimens · 9 stops · 42 days · 376 km

Luther E. Bishop

Maui · 23–29 Aug 1971

Luther E. Bishop in Maui, 23–29 August 1971

68 specimens · 6 stops · 7 days

Hammond

Lānaʻi and Maui · Jul – Aug 1910

Hammond in Lānaʻi and Maui, July – August 1910

42 specimens · 12 stops · 36 days · 442 km

V.J. Krajina

3 islands of the United States · 11–21 Jun 1962

V.J. Krajina in Molokaʻi, Hawaiʻi Island and Maui, 11–21 June 1962

114 specimens · 2 stops · 11 days · 269 km

H. Oppenheinmer

Maui · 11–15 Mar 2024

H. Oppenheinmer in Maui, 11–15 March 2024

78 specimens · 4 stops · 5 days

E. Ordonez

Maui · Jul – Aug 1939

E. Ordonez in Maui, July – August 1939

42 specimens · 9 stops · 34 days · 195 km

William J. Hoe

Kauaʻi and Maui · 5–13 Aug 1974

William J. Hoe in Kauaʻi and Maui, 5–13 August 1974

66 specimens · 6 stops · 9 days

R.W. Krauss

Maui and Oʻahu · Aug – Sep 1948

R.W. Krauss in Maui and Oʻahu, August – September 1948

45 specimens · 8 stops · 38 days · 351 km

Isabelle Abbott

Maui · 1–27 Jul 1984

Isabelle Abbott in Maui, 1–27 July 1984

51 specimens · 6 stops · 27 days · 315 km

U. Eliasson

3 islands of the United States · Jan – Apr 1988

U. Eliasson in Oʻahu, Hawaiʻi Island and Maui, January – April 1988

53 specimens · 21 stops · 97 days · 690 km

Otto Degener

4 islands of the United States · Nov 1959 – Feb 1960

Otto Degener across 4 islands of the United States, November 1959 – February 1960

44 specimens · 6 stops · 85 days · 321 km

David Dwight Baldwin

3 islands of the United States · 1–30 Aug 1879

David Dwight Baldwin in Maui, Oʻahu and Kauaʻi, 1–30 August 1879

40 specimens · 10 stops · 30 days · 1,487 km

Cranwell Smith

3 islands of the United States · May – Jul 1966

Cranwell Smith in Maui, Hawaiʻi Island and Kauaʻi, May – July 1966

47 specimens · 6 stops · 39 days · 476 km

Annie Montague Alexander

3 islands of the United States · Apr – May 1948

Annie Montague Alexander in Maui, Kauaʻi and Hawaiʻi Island, April – May 1948

48 specimens · 6 stops · 31 days · 484 km

N. Ogden

Maui · 4–25 Aug 1978

N. Ogden in Maui, 4–25 August 1978

43 specimens · 8 stops · 22 days · 243 km

C.R. Annable

Maui · Jan – Feb 1999

C.R. Annable in Maui, January – February 1999

62 specimens · 3 stops · 39 days · 71 km

How a journey is found

Every specimen with a full date (year, month and day; a bare “1 January” is treated as a missing day) and a named collector is a diary entry. For each collector the days are read in order, each day given the place most of its labels name. The place where a collector spent more than forty percent of their days, and at least sixty of them, is home: days there are left out.

A gap of more than 21 days between collecting days ends one journey and begins the next. A journey must run five to four hundred days, hold at least forty specimens and touch at least two places. Within it, consecutive days inside the same or a neighbouring tenth-of-a-degree cell (about eleven kilometres) are one stop; the stop’s point is the mean of its labels’ coordinates, or the island’s centre when none carry any.

Companions are collectors whose own labels put them in the same cell on the same days. Staff can name a journey, write about it, feature it or hide it; those words survive every rebuild. Everything else is read off the specimens and rebuilt by harvest.mjs expeditions as the records improve.