Bishop MuseumExplore

Journeys

The expeditions, reassembled

Every dated label is a diary entry. Read a collector’s labels in order and the voyage comes back: the islands in sequence, the days at each, the specimens from every stop. 342 journeys so far, 1879 to 2025, 69,351 specimens between them.

156 collectors and expeditions6,884 days in the field831,051 km between stops51,513 photographed specimens

L. Kellogg

3 islands of the United States · Apr – May 1948

L. Kellogg in Maui, Kauaʻi and Hawaiʻi Island, April – May 1948

47 specimens · 6 stops · 31 days · 484 km

E.S.C. Handy

Maui · Jun – Jul 1933

E.S.C. Handy in Maui, June – July 1933

41 specimens · 8 stops · 45 days · 136 km

A. O'Neill

Maui · 2–11 May 2023

A. O'Neill in Maui, 2–11 May 2023

68 specimens · 4 stops · 10 days

Isabelle Abbott

Maui and Espiritu Santo · Aug – Sep 1971

Isabelle Abbott in Maui and Espiritu Santo, August – September 1971

42 specimens · 6 stops · 45 days · 5,752 km

F. Raymond Fosberg

4 islands of the United States · 10–25 Apr 1974

F. Raymond Fosberg across 4 islands of the United States, 10–25 April 1974

43 specimens · 8 stops · 16 days · 886 km

R. Okano

Maui and Kahoʻolawe · 10–17 Aug 2000

R. Okano in Maui and Kahoʻolawe, 10–17 August 2000

99 specimens · 4 stops · 8 days · 97 km

R.L. Stemmermann

Maui · 1–13 Jun 1977

R.L. Stemmermann in Maui, 1–13 June 1977

58 specimens · 6 stops · 13 days

H.A. Woolford

Kauaʻi and Maui · 1–29 Dec 1956

H.A. Woolford in Kauaʻi and Maui, 1–29 December 1956

53 specimens · 4 stops · 29 days · 338 km

Arthur Greenwell

Maui and Hawaiʻi Island · 3–28 Nov 1950

Arthur Greenwell in Maui and Hawaiʻi Island, 3–28 November 1950

48 specimens · 5 stops · 26 days · 226 km

Maxwell S. Doty

4 islands of the United States · Dec 1954 – Jan 1955

Maxwell S. Doty across 4 islands of the United States, December 1954 – January 1955

54 specimens · 5 stops · 16 days · 464 km

K. Schultz

5 islands of the United States · Aug – Sep 2000

K. Schultz across 5 islands of the United States, August – September 2000

66 specimens · 5 stops · 38 days · 1,010 km

F. Raymond Fosberg

3 islands of the United States · 2–15 Apr 1971

F. Raymond Fosberg in Hawaiʻi Island, Kauaʻi and Maui, 2–15 April 1971

41 specimens · 8 stops · 14 days · 585 km

F. Raymond Fosberg

8 islands · 14–31 Mar 1975

F. Raymond Fosberg across 8 islands, 14–31 March 1975

44 specimens · 8 stops · 18 days · 136 km

Derral R. Herbst

3 islands of the United States · 7–13 Dec 1980

Derral R. Herbst in Maui, Oʻahu and Pearl and Hermes Atoll, 7–13 December 1980

88 specimens · 6 stops · 7 days · 2,159 km

Gunder E. Olson

Maui · Oct – Dec 1936

Gunder E. Olson in Maui, October – December 1936

54 specimens · 3 stops · 54 days · 37 km

Wayne C. Gagne

Hawaiʻi Island and Maui · Jun – Aug 1980

Wayne C. Gagne in Hawaiʻi Island and Maui, June – August 1980

51 specimens · 14 stops · 65 days · 122 km

Betsy H. Gagne

Maui · Jun – Aug 1973

Betsy H. Gagne in Maui, June – August 1973

48 specimens · 6 stops · 53 days · 42 km

C. Tousley

Maui and Molokaʻi · 1–15 Mar 1952

C. Tousley in Maui and Molokaʻi, 1–15 March 1952

79 specimens · 2 stops · 15 days · 101 km

William J. Hoe

Maui and Molokaʻi · 25–29 Jan 1965

William J. Hoe in Maui and Molokaʻi, 25–29 January 1965

53 specimens · 5 stops · 5 days · 122 km

Steven Perlman

Maui and Kauaʻi · Aug – Sep 2022

Steven Perlman in Maui and Kauaʻi, August – September 2022

50 specimens · 5 stops · 27 days · 338 km

S. Ishikawa

Maui · Nov – Dec 1973

S. Ishikawa in Maui, November – December 1973

53 specimens · 5 stops · 5 days · 53 km

C.T. Imada

3 islands of the United States · Jul – Aug 2002

C.T. Imada in Maui, Lānaʻi and Kauaʻi, July – August 2002

55 specimens · 3 stops · 33 days · 420 km

M.L. Lohman

Oʻahu and Maui · Sep – Oct 1949

M.L. Lohman in Oʻahu and Maui, September – October 1949

43 specimens · 7 stops · 39 days · 226 km

L.M. Crago

3 islands of the United States · 2–11 Aug 2005

L.M. Crago in Kauaʻi, Maui and Oʻahu, 2–11 August 2005

52 specimens · 4 stops · 10 days · 371 km

How a journey is found

Every specimen with a full date (year, month and day; a bare “1 January” is treated as a missing day) and a named collector is a diary entry. For each collector the days are read in order, each day given the place most of its labels name. The place where a collector spent more than forty percent of their days, and at least sixty of them, is home: days there are left out.

A gap of more than 21 days between collecting days ends one journey and begins the next. A journey must run five to four hundred days, hold at least forty specimens and touch at least two places. Within it, consecutive days inside the same or a neighbouring tenth-of-a-degree cell (about eleven kilometres) are one stop; the stop’s point is the mean of its labels’ coordinates, or the island’s centre when none carry any.

Companions are collectors whose own labels put them in the same cell on the same days. Staff can name a journey, write about it, feature it or hide it; those words survive every rebuild. Everything else is read off the specimens and rebuilt by harvest.mjs expeditions as the records improve.