Bishop MuseumExplore

Journeys

The expeditions, reassembled

Every dated label is a diary entry. Read a collector’s labels in order and the voyage comes back: the islands in sequence, the days at each, the specimens from every stop. 342 journeys so far, 1879 to 2025, 69,351 specimens between them.

156 collectors and expeditions6,884 days in the field831,051 km between stops51,513 photographed specimens

Joseph F. Rock

3 islands of the United States · Jul – Sep 1918

Joseph F. Rock in Maui, Hawaiʻi Island and Molokaʻi, July – September 1918

168 specimens · 8 stops · 67 days · 409 km

Steven Perlman

7 islands · Jun – Oct 1997

Steven Perlman across 7 islands, June – October 1997

111 specimens · 23 stops · 117 days · 9,650 km

Harold St.John

3 islands · Oct 1951 – Jan 1952

Harold St.John in Maui, Oʻahu and Maug, October 1951 – January 1952

115 specimens · 15 stops · 85 days · 313 km

Marie Catherine Neal

4 islands · Jul – Aug 1933

Marie Catherine Neal across 4 islands, July – August 1933

137 specimens · 9 stops · 33 days · 17,135 km

Edward Yataro Hosaka

Maui and Hawaiʻi Island · Jan – Feb 1937

Edward Yataro Hosaka in Maui and Hawaiʻi Island, January – February 1937

114 specimens · 14 stops · 28 days · 447 km

Ruth D. Svihla

Maui and Oʻahu · Jun – Aug 1935

Ruth D. Svihla in Maui and Oʻahu, June – August 1935

176 specimens · 15 stops · 69 days · 191 km

R.C. Gardner

6 islands of the United States · Jan – Feb 1974

R.C. Gardner across 6 islands of the United States, January – February 1974

89 specimens · 24 stops · 54 days · 1,081 km

Mrs. Fred E. Lewis

Oʻahu and Maui · Jan – Apr 1979

Mrs. Fred E. Lewis in Oʻahu and Maui, January – April 1979

80 specimens · 22 stops · 105 days · 89 km

G.R. Ewart III

Maui and Oʻahu · Dec 1928 – Jan 1929

G.R. Ewart III in Maui and Oʻahu, December 1928 – January 1929

136 specimens · 7 stops · 38 days · 247 km

M.A. Evans

3 islands of the United States · Jun – Jul 1990

M.A. Evans in Molokaʻi, Oʻahu and Maui, June – July 1990

142 specimens · 8 stops · 35 days · 100 km

Otto Degener

Maui · Jul – Aug 1939

Otto Degener in Maui, July – August 1939

99 specimens · 16 stops · 38 days · 339 km

Steven Perlman

Kauaʻi and Maui · Apr – Sep 2014

Steven Perlman in Kauaʻi and Maui, April – September 2014

73 specimens · 22 stops · 161 days · 1,352 km

Steven Perlman

6 islands · Apr – Jul 2004

Steven Perlman across 6 islands, April – July 2004

114 specimens · 22 stops · 110 days · 9,780 km

H.A. Woolford

4 islands of the United States · 1–31 Dec 1954

H.A. Woolford across 4 islands of the United States, 1–31 December 1954

116 specimens · 10 stops · 31 days

C.H. Lamoureux

Maui and Oʻahu · 6–16 Aug 1967

C.H. Lamoureux in Maui and Oʻahu, 6–16 August 1967

193 specimens · 4 stops · 11 days · 45 km

G.A. Pearsall

Maui · 1–31 Dec 1955

G.A. Pearsall in Maui, 1–31 December 1955

125 specimens · 9 stops · 31 days · 79 km

Isa Degener

3 islands of the United States · Mar – May 1959

Isa Degener in Maui, Molokaʻi and Oʻahu, March – May 1959

108 specimens · 11 stops · 39 days · 864 km

L.M. Hodgson

3 islands · Oct – Nov 1994

L.M. Hodgson in Ant Atoll, Maui and Pohnpei, October – November 1994

134 specimens · 7 stops · 37 days · 5,292 km

F. Raymond Fosberg

4 islands of the United States · 9–27 Mar 1961

F. Raymond Fosberg across 4 islands of the United States, 9–27 March 1961

105 specimens · 15 stops · 19 days · 925 km

Earl T. Ozaki

Maui and Hawaiʻi Island · 7–25 Jun 1953

Earl T. Ozaki in Maui and Hawaiʻi Island, 7–25 June 1953

109 specimens · 15 stops · 19 days · 136 km

R.E. DeWreede

Maui · 1–22 Aug 1967

R.E. DeWreede in Maui, 1–22 August 1967

169 specimens · 4 stops · 22 days · 45 km

C.F. Puttock

Maui and Hawaiʻi Island · Jan – Feb 2001

C.F. Puttock in Maui and Hawaiʻi Island, January – February 2001

267 specimens · 5 stops · 16 days · 508 km

Jr.William Ellsworth Fisher Jr.

Maui and Hawaiʻi Island · Jan – Feb 2001

Jr.William Ellsworth Fisher Jr. in Maui and Hawaiʻi Island, January – February 2001

263 specimens · 5 stops · 16 days · 508 km

C.R. Annable

4 islands of the United States · Jan – Mar 1998

C.R. Annable across 4 islands of the United States, January – March 1998

97 specimens · 10 stops · 53 days · 1,111 km

How a journey is found

Every specimen with a full date (year, month and day; a bare “1 January” is treated as a missing day) and a named collector is a diary entry. For each collector the days are read in order, each day given the place most of its labels name. The place where a collector spent more than forty percent of their days, and at least sixty of them, is home: days there are left out.

A gap of more than 21 days between collecting days ends one journey and begins the next. A journey must run five to four hundred days, hold at least forty specimens and touch at least two places. Within it, consecutive days inside the same or a neighbouring tenth-of-a-degree cell (about eleven kilometres) are one stop; the stop’s point is the mean of its labels’ coordinates, or the island’s centre when none carry any.

Companions are collectors whose own labels put them in the same cell on the same days. Staff can name a journey, write about it, feature it or hide it; those words survive every rebuild. Everything else is read off the specimens and rebuilt by harvest.mjs expeditions as the records improve.