Bishop MuseumExplore

Journeys

The expeditions, reassembled

Every dated label is a diary entry. Read a collector’s labels in order and the voyage comes back: the islands in sequence, the days at each, the specimens from every stop. 127 journeys so far, 1911 to 1990, 33,890 specimens between them.

46 collectors and expeditions2,469 days in the field304,170 km between stops19,870 photographed specimens

Otto Herman Swezey

Oʻahu · Dec 1918 – Mar 1919

Otto Herman Swezey in Oʻahu, December 1918 – March 1919

85 specimens · 8 stops · 71 days

H.E. Milliron

4 islands · May – Oct 1958

H.E. Milliron across 4 islands, May – October 1958

41 specimens · 18 stops · 136 days · 10,829 km

Francis Xavier Williams

Hawaiʻi Island · Jul – Oct 1929

Francis Xavier Williams in Hawaiʻi Island, July – October 1929

49 specimens · 8 stops · 100 days · 90 km

Edwin Horace Bryan Jr.

Hawaiʻi Island and Tutuila · Jul – Aug 1935

Edwin Horace Bryan Jr. in Hawaiʻi Island and Tutuila, July – August 1935

63 specimens · 7 stops · 41 days · 4,120 km

Elwood Curtin Zimmerman

Oʻahu · Jan – Mar 1937

Elwood Curtin Zimmerman in Oʻahu, January – March 1937

59 specimens · 12 stops · 68 days

P.D. Ashlock

Maui · Mar – Apr 1966

P.D. Ashlock in Maui, March – April 1966

116 specimens · 4 stops · 27 days

Wayne C. Gagne

4 islands of the United States · Nov 1972 – Jan 1973

Wayne C. Gagne across 4 islands of the United States, November 1972 – January 1973

40 specimens · 11 stops · 63 days · 1,004 km

Larry W. Quate

Hawaiʻi Island and Maui · Mar – Apr 1961

Larry W. Quate in Hawaiʻi Island and Maui, March – April 1961

61 specimens · 14 stops · 43 days · 11,144 km

Stanley Ball

Oʻahu · Oct 1925 – Feb 1926

Stanley Ball in Oʻahu, October 1925 – February 1926

43 specimens · 21 stops · 123 days

Tsing-Chao Maa

3 countries · Aug – Dec 1958

Tsing-Chao Maa in Malaysia, Singapore and Papua New Guinea, August – December 1958

50 specimens · 16 stops · 111 days · 7,301 km

George Butler

Laysan · 20–24 Jul 1959

George Butler in Laysan, 20–24 July 1959

193 specimens · 2 stops · 5 days

Wayne C. Gagne

3 islands of the United States · May – Aug 1971

Wayne C. Gagne in Lānaʻi, Hawaiʻi Island and Oʻahu, May – August 1971

49 specimens · 12 stops · 85 days · 509 km

Edwin Horace Bryan Jr.

Oʻahu · 1–21 Apr 1929

Edwin Horace Bryan Jr. in Oʻahu, 1–21 April 1929

52 specimens · 5 stops · 21 days · 429 km

Edwin Horace Bryan Jr.

Molokaʻi · 18–23 Dec 1925

Edwin Horace Bryan Jr. in Molokaʻi, 18–23 December 1925

94 specimens · 3 stops · 6 days · 2 km

Donald Anderson

Oʻahu · Dec 1938 – Jan 1939

Donald Anderson in Oʻahu, December 1938 – January 1939

84 specimens · 2 stops · 9 days

Wayne C. Gagne

Hawaiʻi Island and Maui · Jun – Aug 1980

Wayne C. Gagne in Hawaiʻi Island and Maui, June – August 1980

51 specimens · 14 stops · 65 days · 122 km

Wayne C. Gagne

Maui · Nov 1980 – Jan 1981

Wayne C. Gagne in Maui, November 1980 – January 1981

45 specimens · 13 stops · 69 days

John Colburn Bridwell

Oʻahu · Apr – Jun 1919

John Colburn Bridwell in Oʻahu, April – June 1919

40 specimens · 10 stops · 78 days

Walker

Maui · Jun – Jul 1919

Walker in Maui, June – July 1919

45 specimens · 3 stops · 39 days

J.C.E. Riotte

Kauaʻi · Jun – Jul 1981

J.C.E. Riotte in Kauaʻi, June – July 1981

55 specimens · 6 stops · 42 days

Otto Herman Swezey

Oʻahu and Hawaiʻi Island · May – Jun 1919

Otto Herman Swezey in Oʻahu and Hawaiʻi Island, May – June 1919

53 specimens · 6 stops · 31 days · 232 km

Edwin Horace Bryan Jr.

Hawaiʻi Island · 23–28 Nov 1932

Edwin Horace Bryan Jr. in Hawaiʻi Island, 23–28 November 1932

45 specimens · 6 stops · 6 days

George F. Arnemann

Kauaʻi · 2–22 May 1948

George F. Arnemann in Kauaʻi, 2–22 May 1948

43 specimens · 2 stops · 21 days

Steven L. Montgomery

Maui · Sep – Oct 1979

Steven L. Montgomery in Maui, September – October 1979

50 specimens · 5 stops · 13 days

How a journey is found

Every specimen with a full date (year, month and day; a bare “1 January” is treated as a missing day) and a named collector is a diary entry. For each collector the days are read in order, each day given the place most of its labels name. The place where a collector spent more than forty percent of their days, and at least sixty of them, is home: days there are left out.

A gap of more than 21 days between collecting days ends one journey and begins the next. A journey must run five to four hundred days, hold at least forty specimens and touch at least two places. Within it, consecutive days inside the same or a neighbouring tenth-of-a-degree cell (about eleven kilometres) are one stop; the stop’s point is the mean of its labels’ coordinates, or the island’s centre when none carry any.

Companions are collectors whose own labels put them in the same cell on the same days. Staff can name a journey, write about it, feature it or hide it; those words survive every rebuild. Everything else is read off the specimens and rebuilt by harvest.mjs expeditions as the records improve.