Bishop MuseumExplore

Journeys

The expeditions, reassembled

Every dated label is a diary entry. Read a collector’s labels in order and the voyage comes back: the islands in sequence, the days at each, the specimens from every stop. 516 journeys so far, 1882 to 2003, 203,239 specimens between them.

225 collectors and expeditions9,587 days in the field2,429,515 km between stops172,106 photographed specimens

Lynette Williams

3 islands of New Caledonia · Aug – Sep 1940

Lynette Williams in New Caledonia, Grande-Terre and Grande Terre, August – September 1940

126 specimens · 8 stops · 42 days

L.A. Thurston L.A. ThurstonL.A. Thurston

6 islands · 14–24 May 1923

L.A. Thurston L.A. ThurstonL.A. Thurston across 6 islands, 14–24 May 1923

135 specimens · 8 stops · 11 days · 2,027 km

SEATO Medical Research Lab

Jul 1965 – Mar 1966

SEATO Medical Research Lab, July 1965 – March 1966

54 specimens · 41 stops · 239 days

A. Gouveia A. Gouveia A. Gouveia v A. Gouveia

Oʻahu · Oct 1916 – Feb 1917

A. Gouveia A. Gouveia A. Gouveia v A. Gouveia in Oʻahu, October 1916 – February 1917

121 specimens · 5 stops · 120 days · 343 km

C.M. Pat Burgess

May – Jun 1960

C.M. Pat Burgess, May – June 1960

82 specimens · 17 stops · 50 days

Gerrit Parmele Wilder

5 islands · Mar – Aug 1927

Gerrit Parmele Wilder across 5 islands, March – August 1927

69 specimens · 28 stops · 155 days · 13,558 km

Edmund J. Meadows

Oʻahu · May – Jun 1938

Edmund J. Meadows in Oʻahu, May – June 1938

156 specimens · 4 stops · 29 days · 312 km

Clarence H. Cooke Jr.

Maui and Kauaʻi · Apr – May 1933

Clarence H. Cooke Jr. in Maui and Kauaʻi, April – May 1933

183 specimens · 3 stops · 26 days · 348 km

Edward Yataro Hosaka

Hawaiʻi Island and Kauaʻi · Oct – Nov 1936

Edward Yataro Hosaka in Hawaiʻi Island and Kauaʻi, October – November 1936

105 specimens · 9 stops · 33 days · 428 km

William H. Meinecke

Hawaiʻi Island · 10–23 Aug 1926

William H. Meinecke in Hawaiʻi Island, 10–23 August 1926

188 specimens · 3 stops · 14 days · 124 km

Hans George Hornbostel

Oct – Nov 1925

Hans George Hornbostel, October – November 1925

164 specimens · 3 stops · 37 days · 3 km

Henry E. Crampton

Saipan · Jun – Sep 1920

Henry E. Crampton in Saipan, June – September 1920

92 specimens · 9 stops · 64 days · 573 km

D. Akana

Molokaʻi · 8–15 Aug 1933

D. Akana in Molokaʻi, 8–15 August 1933

252 specimens · 2 stops · 8 days · 42 km

Noel Louis Hilmer Krauss

Oʻahu · Sep 1933 – Jan 1934

Noel Louis Hilmer Krauss in Oʻahu, September 1933 – January 1934

93 specimens · 16 stops · 113 days · 124 km

K. Atoda

11 islands · Jan – Feb 1940

K. Atoda across 11 islands, January – February 1940

163 specimens · 3 stops · 33 days · 1,286 km

S. Hatai

11 islands · Jan – Feb 1940

S. Hatai across 11 islands, January – February 1940

163 specimens · 3 stops · 33 days · 1,286 km

K. Atoda

8 islands · Apr – May 1940

K. Atoda across 8 islands, April – May 1940

206 specimens · 2 stops · 32 days · 12 km

S. Hatai

8 islands · Apr – May 1940

S. Hatai across 8 islands, April – May 1940

206 specimens · 2 stops · 32 days · 12 km

Carl Masaru Yoshimoto

4 islands · Jan – Mar 1963

Carl Masaru Yoshimoto across 4 islands, January – March 1963

87 specimens · 19 stops · 39 days · 7,539 km

George F. Arnemann

4 islands · Jan – Feb 1947

George F. Arnemann across 4 islands, January – February 1947

145 specimens · 4 stops · 22 days · 256 km

Charles Montague Cooke Jr. 7 Others

3 islands · May – Jun 1934

Charles Montague Cooke Jr. 7 Others in Pitcairn Island, Tauna and Henderson Island, May – June 1934

148 specimens · 4 stops · 18 days · 834 km

James E. Norton

Jan – May 1964

James E. Norton, January – May 1964

58 specimens · 25 stops · 106 days

Alan J. Kohn

Jan – May 1964

Alan J. Kohn, January – May 1964

58 specimens · 25 stops · 106 days

Smithsonian Institution

4 islands · Feb – Aug 1946

Smithsonian Institution, February – August 1946

58 specimens · 21 stops · 166 days · 3,062 km

How a journey is found

Every specimen with a full date (year, month and day; a bare “1 January” is treated as a missing day) and a named collector is a diary entry. For each collector the days are read in order, each day given the place most of its labels name. The place where a collector spent more than forty percent of their days, and at least sixty of them, is home: days there are left out.

A gap of more than 21 days between collecting days ends one journey and begins the next. A journey must run five to four hundred days, hold at least forty specimens and touch at least two places. Within it, consecutive days inside the same or a neighbouring tenth-of-a-degree cell (about eleven kilometres) are one stop; the stop’s point is the mean of its labels’ coordinates, or the island’s centre when none carry any.

Companions are collectors whose own labels put them in the same cell on the same days. Staff can name a journey, write about it, feature it or hide it; those words survive every rebuild. Everything else is read off the specimens and rebuilt by harvest.mjs expeditions as the records improve.