Bishop MuseumExplore

Journeys

The expeditions, reassembled

Every dated label is a diary entry. Read a collector’s labels in order and the voyage comes back: the islands in sequence, the days at each, the specimens from every stop. 516 journeys so far, 1882 to 2003, 203,239 specimens between them.

225 collectors and expeditions9,587 days in the field2,429,515 km between stops172,106 photographed specimens

E.P. Hume

Kauaʻi · Dec 1930 – Jan 1931

E.P. Hume in Kauaʻi, December 1930 – January 1931

103 specimens · 10 stops · 15 days · 131 km

Edward Yataro Hosaka

Kauaʻi · Dec 1930 – Jan 1931

Edward Yataro Hosaka in Kauaʻi, December 1930 – January 1931

101 specimens · 10 stops · 15 days · 131 km

Mary Eleanor King

Niʻihau and Kauaʻi · 11–22 Sep 1959

Mary Eleanor King in Niʻihau and Kauaʻi, 11–22 September 1959

237 specimens · 2 stops · 12 days · 90 km

Yoshio KondoKay Kondo

Oʻahu and Molokaʻi · Jul – Aug 1961

Yoshio KondoKay Kondo in Oʻahu and Molokaʻi, July – August 1961

147 specimens · 3 stops · 44 days · 187 km

Yoshio KondoKay Kondo

Oʻahu and Kauaʻi · Jan – Mar 1947

Yoshio KondoKay Kondo in Oʻahu and Kauaʻi, January – March 1947

92 specimens · 7 stops · 70 days · 539 km

Erling Christophersen

8 islands · Jun – Sep 1924

Erling Christophersen across 8 islands, June – September 1924

81 specimens · 18 stops · 111 days · 15,205 km

Dranga

Tutuila and Tau · Feb – Mar 1926

Dranga in Tutuila and Tau, February – March 1926

151 specimens · 3 stops · 29 days · 144 km

Pele Expedition 1963

Oʻahu · 1–26 Jun 1963

Pele Expedition 1963, 1–26 June 1963

151 specimens · 3 stops · 26 days · 257 km

Yoshio KondoKay Kondo

4 islands · May – Aug 1962

Yoshio KondoKay Kondo across 4 islands, May – August 1962

76 specimens · 12 stops · 89 days · 12,838 km

Otto Herman Swezey

Maui and Molokaʻi · Dec 1928 – Feb 1929

Otto Herman Swezey in Maui and Molokaʻi, December 1928 – February 1929

130 specimens · 11 stops · 61 days · 104 km

Marie Catherine Neal

Kauaʻi · 1–20 Sep 1921

Marie Catherine Neal in Kauaʻi, 1–20 September 1921

153 specimens · 3 stops · 20 days · 38 km

Clarence H. Cooke Jr.

Maui · 1–18 Feb 1904

Clarence H. Cooke Jr. in Maui, 1–18 February 1904

120 specimens · 5 stops · 18 days · 119 km

Dinau Yalikanathea

5 islands · Aug – Sep 1968

Dinau Yalikanathea across 5 islands, August – September 1968

124 specimens · 5 stops · 14 days · 1,339 km

Malacology Staff

Oʻahu · Jul – Aug 1939

Malacology Staff, July – August 1939

184 specimens · 2 stops · 27 days · 28 km

Hume Wilder

Oʻahu · Jan – Apr 1931

Hume Wilder in Oʻahu, January – April 1931

83 specimens · 7 stops · 89 days · 646 km

Jane Lathrop Winne

Oʻahu and Hawaiʻi Island · Dec 1935 – Feb 1936

Jane Lathrop Winne in Oʻahu and Hawaiʻi Island, December 1935 – February 1936

121 specimens · 4 stops · 33 days · 603 km

Pakki A. Reath

Maui and Hawaiʻi Island · Mar – Apr 2003

Pakki A. Reath in Maui and Hawaiʻi Island, March – April 2003

271 specimens · 5 stops · 6 days · 260 km

Charles N. Forbes

Oʻahu · Oct – Nov 1914

Charles N. Forbes in Oʻahu, October – November 1914

109 specimens · 5 stops · 37 days

A. Gouveia A. Gouveia A. Gouveia v A. Gouveia

Oʻahu · Apr – Jun 1917

A. Gouveia A. Gouveia A. Gouveia v A. Gouveia in Oʻahu, April – June 1917

94 specimens · 5 stops · 87 days · 276 km

Pakki A. Reath

Kauaʻi · 11–16 Nov 2002

Pakki A. Reath in Kauaʻi, 11–16 November 2002

294 specimens · 4 stops · 6 days · 170 km

Otto Herman Swezey

3 islands of the United States · Mar – Jul 1920

Otto Herman Swezey in Oʻahu, Maui and Kauaʻi, March – July 1920

103 specimens · 19 stops · 129 days · 191 km

Lieut. David F. Grether

3 islands · 2–28 Jul 1946

Lieut. David F. Grether in Manus Island, Rota and Los Negros, 2–28 July 1946

99 specimens · 6 stops · 27 days · 3,715 km

T.A. Jaggar Jr

Niuafo'Ou Island · Aug – Oct 1930

T.A. Jaggar Jr in Niuafo'Ou Island, August – October 1930

100 specimens · 8 stops · 34 days

Maxwell S. Doty

3 islands · 1–28 Aug 1955

Maxwell S. Doty in Maui, Hawaiʻi Island and Yoron Island, 1–28 August 1955

94 specimens · 8 stops · 28 days · 397 km

How a journey is found

Every specimen with a full date (year, month and day; a bare “1 January” is treated as a missing day) and a named collector is a diary entry. For each collector the days are read in order, each day given the place most of its labels name. The place where a collector spent more than forty percent of their days, and at least sixty of them, is home: days there are left out.

A gap of more than 21 days between collecting days ends one journey and begins the next. A journey must run five to four hundred days, hold at least forty specimens and touch at least two places. Within it, consecutive days inside the same or a neighbouring tenth-of-a-degree cell (about eleven kilometres) are one stop; the stop’s point is the mean of its labels’ coordinates, or the island’s centre when none carry any.

Companions are collectors whose own labels put them in the same cell on the same days. Staff can name a journey, write about it, feature it or hide it; those words survive every rebuild. Everything else is read off the specimens and rebuilt by harvest.mjs expeditions as the records improve.