Bishop MuseumExplore

Journeys

The expeditions, reassembled

Every dated label is a diary entry. Read a collector’s labels in order and the voyage comes back: the islands in sequence, the days at each, the specimens from every stop. 516 journeys so far, 1882 to 2003, 203,239 specimens between them.

225 collectors and expeditions9,587 days in the field2,429,515 km between stops172,106 photographed specimens

Donald Anderson

Oʻahu · May – Jun 1938

Donald Anderson in Oʻahu, May – June 1938

178 specimens · 2 stops · 21 days · 43 km

Ben Olivera

Oʻahu · 5–9 Apr 1917

Ben Olivera in Oʻahu, 5–9 April 1917

172 specimens · 3 stops · 5 days · 181 km

Robert H. Cowie

5 islands · Oct – Nov 1992

Robert H. Cowie across 5 islands, October – November 1992

131 specimens · 14 stops · 35 days · 503 km

Edwin Horace Bryan Jr.

Kahoʻolawe and Maui · 1–19 Feb 1931

Edwin Horace Bryan Jr. in Kahoʻolawe and Maui, 1–19 February 1931

102 specimens · 9 stops · 19 days · 26 km

Robert H. Cowie

Tutuila · 6–16 Oct 1998

Robert H. Cowie in Tutuila, 6–16 October 1998

172 specimens · 10 stops · 11 days

Elwood Curtin Zimmerman

Maui · Apr – May 1945

Elwood Curtin Zimmerman in Maui, April – May 1945

146 specimens · 7 stops · 15 days · 43 km

George F. Arnemann

Oʻahu · Oct – Dec 1960

George F. Arnemann in Oʻahu, October – December 1960

86 specimens · 6 stops · 57 days · 450 km

Yoshio KondoKay Kondo

Oʻahu · Oct – Dec 1960

Yoshio KondoKay Kondo in Oʻahu, October – December 1960

86 specimens · 6 stops · 55 days · 298 km

Charles N. Forbes

Oʻahu and Kauaʻi · Nov 1909 – Jan 1910

Charles N. Forbes in Oʻahu and Kauaʻi, November 1909 – January 1910

61 specimens · 15 stops · 61 days · 1,270 km

Edward Yataro Hosaka

3 islands of the United States · 4–26 Apr 1939

Edward Yataro Hosaka in Maui, Hawaiʻi Island and Lānaʻi, 4–26 April 1939

69 specimens · 14 stops · 23 days · 337 km

Whitney Expedition

12 islands of French Polynesia · Jun – Sep 1922

Whitney Expedition, June – September 1922

63 specimens · 16 stops · 86 days · 4,274 km

Wray Harris

Tau and Upolu · Jul – Aug 1937

Wray Harris in Tau and Upolu, July – August 1937

127 specimens · 3 stops · 31 days · 512 km

Robert L. Usinger

Guam · 2–27 Jun 1936

Robert L. Usinger in Guam, 2–27 June 1936

112 specimens · 4 stops · 26 days · 51,067 km

Walter Bayer

Oʻahu · Jan – Mar 1953

Walter Bayer in Oʻahu, January – March 1953

106 specimens · 4 stops · 37 days · 228 km

Otto Herman Swezey

Maui and Oʻahu · Aug – Sep 1929

Otto Herman Swezey in Maui and Oʻahu, August – September 1929

163 specimens · 8 stops · 20 days · 223 km

John Colburn Bridwell

Maui and Oʻahu · Aug – Sep 1918

John Colburn Bridwell in Maui and Oʻahu, August – September 1918

124 specimens · 6 stops · 32 days · 69 km

Rokuro Yamaguchi

Oʻahu · 5–19 May 1936

Rokuro Yamaguchi in Oʻahu, 5–19 May 1936

172 specimens · 2 stops · 15 days · 154 km

Alastair M. Adamson

Tahiti · Aug – Sep 1928

Alastair M. Adamson in Tahiti, August – September 1928

91 specimens · 6 stops · 28 days · 82 km

Kondo

3 islands · Jul – Aug 1934

Kondo in Tupuai, Rapa and Raivavae, July – August 1934

115 specimens · 3 stops · 51 days · 721 km

Thos. Cooke

Molokaʻi · 1–25 Jul 1924

Thos. Cooke in Molokaʻi, 1–25 July 1924

125 specimens · 3 stops · 25 days · 9 km

Marie Catherine Neal

Hawaiʻi Island · Jun – Jul 1922

Marie Catherine Neal in Hawaiʻi Island, June – July 1922

82 specimens · 8 stops · 18 days

Mrs. P.H. Buck

Oct – Nov 1929

Mrs. P.H. Buck, October – November 1929

113 specimens · 3 stops · 52 days

Rokuro Yamaguchi

Oʻahu · Oct – Nov 1935

Rokuro Yamaguchi in Oʻahu, October – November 1935

151 specimens · 2 stops · 27 days · 16 km

Clarence H. Cooke Jr.

Molokaʻi and Kauaʻi · Mar – Apr 1914

Clarence H. Cooke Jr. in Molokaʻi and Kauaʻi, March – April 1914

105 specimens · 4 stops · 25 days · 343 km

How a journey is found

Every specimen with a full date (year, month and day; a bare “1 January” is treated as a missing day) and a named collector is a diary entry. For each collector the days are read in order, each day given the place most of its labels name. The place where a collector spent more than forty percent of their days, and at least sixty of them, is home: days there are left out.

A gap of more than 21 days between collecting days ends one journey and begins the next. A journey must run five to four hundred days, hold at least forty specimens and touch at least two places. Within it, consecutive days inside the same or a neighbouring tenth-of-a-degree cell (about eleven kilometres) are one stop; the stop’s point is the mean of its labels’ coordinates, or the island’s centre when none carry any.

Companions are collectors whose own labels put them in the same cell on the same days. Staff can name a journey, write about it, feature it or hide it; those words survive every rebuild. Everything else is read off the specimens and rebuilt by harvest.mjs expeditions as the records improve.