Bishop MuseumExplore

Journeys

The expeditions, reassembled

Every dated label is a diary entry. Read a collector’s labels in order and the voyage comes back: the islands in sequence, the days at each, the specimens from every stop. 516 journeys so far, 1882 to 2003, 203,239 specimens between them.

225 collectors and expeditions9,587 days in the field2,429,515 km between stops172,106 photographed specimens

Pacific Entomological Survey

Nuku Hiva · May – Jun 1931

Pacific Entomological Survey, May – June 1931

105 specimens · 4 stops · 24 days · 6 km

R.K. von Holt

Oʻahu · Sep – Oct 1912

R.K. von Holt in Oʻahu, September – October 1912

106 specimens · 4 stops · 21 days · 289 km

Alex B. Anderson

3 islands · Sep – Oct 1934

Alex B. Anderson in Raiatea, Moorea and Taha'A, September – October 1934

126 specimens · 3 stops · 17 days · 211 km

C.F. Mant

Oʻahu · Nov 1918 – Jan 1919

C.F. Mant in Oʻahu, November 1918 – January 1919

92 specimens · 4 stops · 59 days · 255 km

Erling Christophersen

Oʻahu · Apr – May 1932

Erling Christophersen in Oʻahu, April – May 1932

111 specimens · 4 stops · 12 days · 308 km

Derral R. Herbst

Kauaʻi and Maui · Nov 1972 – Feb 1973

Derral R. Herbst in Kauaʻi and Maui, November 1972 – February 1973

58 specimens · 11 stops · 79 days · 768 km

R.R. Whitten

Maui · 1–27 Aug 1929

R.R. Whitten in Maui, 1–27 August 1929

108 specimens · 7 stops · 27 days · 20 km

Carolene Charley

Kauaʻi · 14–19 Jun 1914

Carolene Charley in Kauaʻi, 14–19 June 1914

140 specimens · 3 stops · 6 days · 64 km

George F. Arnemann

Oʻahu and Lānaʻi · Mar – Apr 1961

George F. Arnemann in Oʻahu and Lānaʻi, March – April 1961

83 specimens · 5 stops · 39 days · 265 km

C.H. C. Hoyt

Oʻahu · Aug – Nov 1952

C.H. C. Hoyt in Oʻahu, August – November 1952

89 specimens · 12 stops · 81 days · 134 km

AF Judd 3rd

Tau and Ofu · Feb – Mar 1926

AF Judd 3rd in Tau and Ofu, February – March 1926

155 specimens · 2 stops · 12 days · 21 km

Tuifaa

Tau and Ofu · Feb – Mar 1926

Tuifaa in Tau and Ofu, February – March 1926

155 specimens · 2 stops · 12 days · 21 km

Edward Yataro Hosaka

5 islands of the United States · Jul – Aug 1931

Edward Yataro Hosaka across 5 islands of the United States, July – August 1931

82 specimens · 6 stops · 24 days · 1,149 km

Edwin Horace Bryan Jr.

5 islands · Mar – Jun 1915

Edwin Horace Bryan Jr. across 5 islands, March – June 1915

58 specimens · 9 stops · 75 days · 11,034 km

Amy Suehiro

Oʻahu · Sep – Nov 1932

Amy Suehiro in Oʻahu, September – November 1932

81 specimens · 5 stops · 46 days

William H. Meinecke

Kauaʻi · 23–28 Dec 1926

William H. Meinecke in Kauaʻi, 23–28 December 1926

170 specimens · 2 stops · 6 days · 32 km

Edward Yataro Hosaka

Hawaiʻi Island · 11–19 Jun 1941

Edward Yataro Hosaka in Hawaiʻi Island, 11–19 June 1941

127 specimens · 3 stops · 9 days · 165 km

Gerrit Parmele Wilder

7 islands · Jun – Aug 1925

Gerrit Parmele Wilder across 7 islands, June – August 1925

52 specimens · 22 stops · 65 days · 10,586 km

Judson Linsley Gressitt

New Guinea · Aug – Dec 1958

Judson Linsley Gressitt in New Guinea, August – December 1958

67 specimens · 26 stops · 110 days · 956 km

Edward Y. Hosaka

Saipan and Tinian · Jun – Jul 1946

Edward Y. Hosaka in Saipan and Tinian, June – July 1946

137 specimens · 2 stops · 22 days · 188 km

Tuatoko

Rotuma · 1–26 Aug 1938

Tuatoko in Rotuma, 1–26 August 1938

106 specimens · 3 stops · 26 days · 1,107 km

J.P.E. Morrison

4 islands · Feb – Jul 1946

J.P.E. Morrison across 4 islands, February – July 1946

41 specimens · 17 stops · 153 days · 2,863 km

Charles N. Forbes

3 islands of the United States · Oct 1910 – Jan 1911

Charles N. Forbes in Oʻahu, Maui and Kauaʻi, October 1910 – January 1911

48 specimens · 16 stops · 97 days · 1,320 km

Yoshio KondoKay Kondo

Oʻahu · Jul – Aug 1940

Yoshio KondoKay Kondo in Oʻahu, July – August 1940

132 specimens · 2 stops · 23 days · 53 km

How a journey is found

Every specimen with a full date (year, month and day; a bare “1 January” is treated as a missing day) and a named collector is a diary entry. For each collector the days are read in order, each day given the place most of its labels name. The place where a collector spent more than forty percent of their days, and at least sixty of them, is home: days there are left out.

A gap of more than 21 days between collecting days ends one journey and begins the next. A journey must run five to four hundred days, hold at least forty specimens and touch at least two places. Within it, consecutive days inside the same or a neighbouring tenth-of-a-degree cell (about eleven kilometres) are one stop; the stop’s point is the mean of its labels’ coordinates, or the island’s centre when none carry any.

Companions are collectors whose own labels put them in the same cell on the same days. Staff can name a journey, write about it, feature it or hide it; those words survive every rebuild. Everything else is read off the specimens and rebuilt by harvest.mjs expeditions as the records improve.