Bishop MuseumExplore

Journeys

The expeditions, reassembled

Every dated label is a diary entry. Read a collector’s labels in order and the voyage comes back: the islands in sequence, the days at each, the specimens from every stop. 516 journeys so far, 1882 to 2003, 203,239 specimens between them.

225 collectors and expeditions9,587 days in the field2,429,515 km between stops172,106 photographed specimens

F.O. Heine

Oʻahu · Feb – Mar 1933

F.O. Heine in Oʻahu, February – March 1933

85 specimens · 4 stops · 33 days · 154 km

Robert L. Usinger

Oʻahu · Feb – May 1936

Robert L. Usinger in Oʻahu, February – May 1936

62 specimens · 9 stops · 83 days · 6,521 km

P. Drucker

Oʻahu · Jul – Aug 1951

P. Drucker in Oʻahu, July – August 1951

99 specimens · 3 stops · 29 days · 122 km

Tsing-Chao Maa

4 countries · May – Sep 1959

Tsing-Chao Maa across 4 countries, May – September 1959

77 specimens · 16 stops · 102 days

Dennis M. Devaney

8 islands · Feb – Mar 1971

Dennis M. Devaney across 8 islands, February – March 1971

90 specimens · 13 stops · 41 days · 1,684 km

Jacob Zimmerman

Viti Levu · Jul – Aug 1938

Jacob Zimmerman in Viti Levu, July – August 1938

121 specimens · 3 stops · 6 days · 107 km

O.L. Smith

Kauaʻi and Oʻahu · Sep – Oct 1921

O.L. Smith in Kauaʻi and Oʻahu, September – October 1921

83 specimens · 4 stops · 31 days · 186 km

G. George D. Peterson

4 islands of the Northern Mariana Islands · May – Jun 1952

G. George D. Peterson across 4 islands of the Northern Mariana Islands, May – June 1952

86 specimens · 4 stops · 23 days · 62 km

Otto Herman Swezey

Molokaʻi · 1–23 Dec 1925

Otto Herman Swezey in Molokaʻi, 1–23 December 1925

122 specimens · 4 stops · 23 days · 4 km

Judson Linsley Gressitt

4 islands · May – Jul 1959

Judson Linsley Gressitt across 4 islands, May – July 1959

51 specimens · 14 stops · 64 days · 2,073 km

Charles K. Barry

Aug – Sep 1963

Charles K. Barry, August – September 1963

75 specimens · 5 stops · 24 days · 80 km

Derral R. Herbst

Aug – Sep 1963

Derral R. Herbst, August – September 1963

75 specimens · 5 stops · 24 days · 80 km

Edwin Horace Bryan Jr.

Kauaʻi · Jul – Aug 1940

Edwin Horace Bryan Jr. in Kauaʻi, July – August 1940

74 specimens · 8 stops · 11 days

Marie Catherine Neal

Hawaiʻi Island · Jul – Aug 1927

Marie Catherine Neal in Hawaiʻi Island, July – August 1927

56 specimens · 9 stops · 32 days · 77 km

Otto Herman Swezey

Maui and Oʻahu · Mar – May 1924

Otto Herman Swezey in Maui and Oʻahu, March – May 1924

64 specimens · 6 stops · 65 days · 228 km

Noel Louis Hilmer Krauss

4 islands · Jan – Feb 1962

Noel Louis Hilmer Krauss across 4 islands, January – February 1962

57 specimens · 12 stops · 30 days · 22,109 km

Peter Char P.C.

Oʻahu · Jul – Aug 1961

Peter Char P.C. in Oʻahu, July – August 1961

84 specimens · 3 stops · 43 days · 274 km

James Lester Allen

Oʻahu · Jul – Aug 1948

James Lester Allen in Oʻahu, July – August 1948

55 specimens · 7 stops · 48 days · 420 km

Jane Lathrop Winne

Oʻahu · 21–28 Dec 1932

Jane Lathrop Winne in Oʻahu, 21–28 December 1932

131 specimens · 2 stops · 8 days · 154 km

Ted E. should Be D. Dranga

3 islands · 1–6 Apr 1927

Ted E. should Be D. Dranga in Pearl and Hermes Atoll, Nihoa and Maui, 1–6 April 1927

147 specimens · 2 stops · 6 days · 1,490 km

John August Kusche

Prince Of Wales · 1–14 Nov 1920

John August Kusche in Prince Of Wales, 1–14 November 1920

130 specimens · 2 stops · 14 days

Marie Catherine Neal

Hawaiʻi Island · 1–9 Apr 1924

Marie Catherine Neal in Hawaiʻi Island, 1–9 April 1924

73 specimens · 6 stops · 9 days · 150 km

Rebecca J. Rundell

3 islands · 20–28 Feb 2001

Rebecca J. Rundell in Olosega, Tutuila and Aunuu, 20–28 February 2001

170 specimens · 4 stops · 9 days · 197 km

Charles Montague Cooke Jr. III

Molokaʻi · 21–31 Dec 1923

Charles Montague Cooke Jr. III in Molokaʻi, 21–31 December 1923

123 specimens · 2 stops · 11 days · 25 km

How a journey is found

Every specimen with a full date (year, month and day; a bare “1 January” is treated as a missing day) and a named collector is a diary entry. For each collector the days are read in order, each day given the place most of its labels name. The place where a collector spent more than forty percent of their days, and at least sixty of them, is home: days there are left out.

A gap of more than 21 days between collecting days ends one journey and begins the next. A journey must run five to four hundred days, hold at least forty specimens and touch at least two places. Within it, consecutive days inside the same or a neighbouring tenth-of-a-degree cell (about eleven kilometres) are one stop; the stop’s point is the mean of its labels’ coordinates, or the island’s centre when none carry any.

Companions are collectors whose own labels put them in the same cell on the same days. Staff can name a journey, write about it, feature it or hide it; those words survive every rebuild. Everything else is read off the specimens and rebuilt by harvest.mjs expeditions as the records improve.