Bishop MuseumExplore

Journeys

The expeditions, reassembled

Every dated label is a diary entry. Read a collector’s labels in order and the voyage comes back: the islands in sequence, the days at each, the specimens from every stop. 516 journeys so far, 1882 to 2003, 203,239 specimens between them.

225 collectors and expeditions9,587 days in the field2,429,515 km between stops172,106 photographed specimens

Hitchcock Cooke

Molokaʻi · 21–31 Dec 1923

Hitchcock Cooke in Molokaʻi, 21–31 December 1923

123 specimens · 2 stops · 11 days · 25 km

Lynette Williams

4 islands of New Caledonia · Oct – Nov 1940

Lynette Williams across 4 islands of New Caledonia, October – November 1940

60 specimens · 7 stops · 29 days · 3,339 km

Malacology Staff

Oʻahu · 5–14 Feb 1939

Malacology Staff, 5–14 February 1939

123 specimens · 2 stops · 10 days · 23 km

Pakki A. Reath

Hawaiʻi Island · 23–28 Jun 2003

Pakki A. Reath in Hawaiʻi Island, 23–28 June 2003

258 specimens · 2 stops · 6 days

Katherine Luomala

Tabiteuea and Onotoa · Oct – Dec 1948

Katherine Luomala in Tabiteuea and Onotoa, October – December 1948

62 specimens · 10 stops · 58 days

Noel Louis Hilmer Krauss

5 islands · Feb – Apr 1964

Noel Louis Hilmer Krauss across 5 islands, February – April 1964

52 specimens · 8 stops · 81 days · 17,676 km

Scott Johnson

Enewetok Atoll · 1–28 Aug 1975

Scott Johnson in Enewetok Atoll, 1–28 August 1975

71 specimens · 4 stops · 28 days · 82 km

Crocker Expedition

5 islands · May – Jun 1933

Crocker Expedition, May – June 1933

70 specimens · 4 stops · 31 days · 681 km

George T. Barker

5 islands · May – Jun 1933

George T. Barker across 5 islands, May – June 1933

70 specimens · 4 stops · 31 days · 681 km

Z. Ono

3 islands of Micronesia · Dec 1935 – Jan 1936

Z. Ono in Tonowas, Kosrae Island and Pohnpei Island, December 1935 – January 1936

70 specimens · 4 stops · 40 days · 1,256 km

C.E. Hartt

Oʻahu · Jun – Jul 1936

C.E. Hartt in Oʻahu, June – July 1936

65 specimens · 4 stops · 56 days · 336 km

Noel Louis Hilmer Krauss

7 islands · Jan – Mar 1960

Noel Louis Hilmer Krauss across 7 islands, January – March 1960

57 specimens · 7 stops · 58 days · 16,910 km

W.J. Semmens

Oʻahu · Jun – Jul 1940

W.J. Semmens in Oʻahu, June – July 1940

66 specimens · 4 stops · 40 days · 266 km

Zimmerman Elwood C.Donald Anderson

Raivavae and Rapa · Jul – Aug 1934

Zimmerman Elwood C.Donald Anderson in Raivavae and Rapa, July – August 1934

110 specimens · 2 stops · 14 days · 530 km

L.A. Thurston L.A. ThurstonL.A. Thurston

Hawaiʻi Island · 1–7 Jul 1915

L.A. Thurston L.A. ThurstonL.A. Thurston in Hawaiʻi Island, 1–7 July 1915

119 specimens · 2 stops · 7 days · 34 km

Carolene Charley

Molokaʻi · 5–14 Aug 1914

Carolene Charley in Molokaʻi, 5–14 August 1914

76 specimens · 4 stops · 10 days · 44 km

C.M.Cooke III

Molokaʻi · 5–14 Aug 1914

C.M.Cooke III in Molokaʻi, 5–14 August 1914

76 specimens · 4 stops · 10 days · 44 km

Dennis M. Devaney

16 islands · Sep – Oct 1967

Dennis M. Devaney across 16 islands, September – October 1967

50 specimens · 18 stops · 56 days · 7,816 km

John Francis Gray Stokes

3 islands of French Polynesia · Mar – Apr 1922

John Francis Gray Stokes in Raivavae, Rapa and Rimatara, March – April 1922

50 specimens · 9 stops · 52 days · 8 km

Yoshio KondoKay Kondo

Oʻahu · Nov – Dec 1951

Yoshio KondoKay Kondo in Oʻahu, November – December 1951

70 specimens · 4 stops · 17 days · 129 km

Pele Expedition 1962

Oʻahu · Feb – May 1962

Pele Expedition 1962, February – May 1962

40 specimens · 8 stops · 97 days · 571 km

Charles S. Judd Sr.

Maui · Jul – Aug 1928

Charles S. Judd Sr. in Maui, July – August 1928

58 specimens · 5 stops · 23 days · 134 km

L.A. Thurston L.A. ThurstonL.A. Thurston

Hawaiʻi Island · Jan – Feb 1923

L.A. Thurston L.A. ThurstonL.A. Thurston in Hawaiʻi Island, January – February 1923

118 specimens · 2 stops · 5 days · 108 km

L.A. Thurston L.A. ThurstonL.A. Thurston

Hawaiʻi Island · Jan – Feb 1924

L.A. Thurston L.A. ThurstonL.A. Thurston in Hawaiʻi Island, January – February 1924

66 specimens · 4 stops · 19 days · 197 km

How a journey is found

Every specimen with a full date (year, month and day; a bare “1 January” is treated as a missing day) and a named collector is a diary entry. For each collector the days are read in order, each day given the place most of its labels name. The place where a collector spent more than forty percent of their days, and at least sixty of them, is home: days there are left out.

A gap of more than 21 days between collecting days ends one journey and begins the next. A journey must run five to four hundred days, hold at least forty specimens and touch at least two places. Within it, consecutive days inside the same or a neighbouring tenth-of-a-degree cell (about eleven kilometres) are one stop; the stop’s point is the mean of its labels’ coordinates, or the island’s centre when none carry any.

Companions are collectors whose own labels put them in the same cell on the same days. Staff can name a journey, write about it, feature it or hide it; those words survive every rebuild. Everything else is read off the specimens and rebuilt by harvest.mjs expeditions as the records improve.