Bishop MuseumExplore

Journeys

The expeditions, reassembled

Every dated label is a diary entry. Read a collector’s labels in order and the voyage comes back: the islands in sequence, the days at each, the specimens from every stop. 516 journeys so far, 1882 to 2003, 203,239 specimens between them.

225 collectors and expeditions9,587 days in the field2,429,515 km between stops172,106 photographed specimens

C. Lockwood

3 islands · Oct – Nov 1966

C. Lockwood in Woodlark, Rossel Island and Panawina Island, October – November 1966

103 specimens · 3 stops · 27 days · 402 km

Francis Xavier Williams

Hawaiʻi Island · Jul – Oct 1929

Francis Xavier Williams in Hawaiʻi Island, July – October 1929

49 specimens · 8 stops · 100 days · 90 km

Pacific Entomological Survey

Hiva Oa and Ua Pou · Dec 1931 – Jan 1932

Pacific Entomological Survey, December 1931 – January 1932

60 specimens · 4 stops · 31 days · 317 km

Elwood Curtin Zimmerman

Oʻahu · Jan – Mar 1937

Elwood Curtin Zimmerman in Oʻahu, January – March 1937

59 specimens · 12 stops · 68 days

A. Gouveia A. Gouveia A. Gouveia v A. Gouveia

Oʻahu · Oct – Nov 1919

A. Gouveia A. Gouveia A. Gouveia v A. Gouveia in Oʻahu, October – November 1919

58 specimens · 4 stops · 36 days · 257 km

Dranga

Kauaʻi · Nov – Dec 1926

Dranga in Kauaʻi, November – December 1926

74 specimens · 3 stops · 17 days · 27 km

N.R. Spencer

Vietnam · May – Jul 1961

N.R. Spencer in Vietnam, May – July 1961

64 specimens · 11 stops · 58 days

Clarence H. Cooke Jr.

Molokaʻi · 22–26 Dec 1922

Clarence H. Cooke Jr. in Molokaʻi, 22–26 December 1922

87 specimens · 3 stops · 5 days · 51 km

Elwood C. Zimmerman Gessler

Moorea and Raiatea · Sep – Oct 1934

Elwood C. Zimmerman Gessler in Moorea and Raiatea, September – October 1934

94 specimens · 2 stops · 14 days · 183 km

Noel Louis Hilmer Krauss

5 islands · Jan – Apr 1986

Noel Louis Hilmer Krauss across 5 islands, January – April 1986

62 specimens · 10 stops · 77 days · 2,638 km

Wayne C. Gagne

4 islands of the United States · Nov 1972 – Jan 1973

Wayne C. Gagne across 4 islands of the United States, November 1972 – January 1973

40 specimens · 11 stops · 63 days · 1,004 km

Edwin G. Burrows

'Uvea Island · Oct – Nov 1932

Edwin G. Burrows in 'Uvea Island, October – November 1932

63 specimens · 4 stops · 31 days · 4 km

C.M.Cooke III

Kauaʻi · 14–19 Jun 1914

C.M.Cooke III in Kauaʻi, 14–19 June 1914

83 specimens · 3 stops · 6 days · 56 km

Ted E. should Be D. Dranga

Hawaiʻi Island · Jan – Feb 1923

Ted E. should Be D. Dranga in Hawaiʻi Island, January – February 1923

108 specimens · 2 stops · 5 days · 108 km

Charley Carolene

Oʻahu · 2–15 Oct 1912

Charley Carolene in Oʻahu, 2–15 October 1912

72 specimens · 3 stops · 14 days · 141 km

Rokuro Yamaguchi

Oʻahu · 5–14 Feb 1939

Rokuro Yamaguchi in Oʻahu, 5–14 February 1939

95 specimens · 2 stops · 10 days · 23 km

L.A. Thurston L.A. ThurstonL.A. Thurston

Pearl and Hermes Atoll and Nihoa · 1–6 Apr 1927

L.A. Thurston L.A. ThurstonL.A. Thurston in Pearl and Hermes Atoll and Nihoa, 1–6 April 1927

102 specimens · 2 stops · 6 days · 1,490 km

Ted E. should Be D. Dranga

Hawaiʻi Island · Jan – Feb 1924

Ted E. should Be D. Dranga in Hawaiʻi Island, January – February 1924

68 specimens · 3 stops · 18 days · 196 km

Anderson Gessler

Moorea and Huahine · Sep – Oct 1934

Anderson Gessler in Moorea and Huahine, September – October 1934

98 specimens · 2 stops · 7 days · 149 km

David A. Walker

Oʻahu · 4–27 Jul 1947

David A. Walker in Oʻahu, 4–27 July 1947

65 specimens · 3 stops · 24 days · 251 km

Alex B. Anderson

Pearl and Hermes Atoll and Nihoa · 1–6 Apr 1927

Alex B. Anderson in Pearl and Hermes Atoll and Nihoa, 1–6 April 1927

99 specimens · 2 stops · 6 days · 1,490 km

Erling Christophersen

Oʻahu · Mar – Apr 1930

Erling Christophersen in Oʻahu, March – April 1930

53 specimens · 4 stops · 37 days

George F. Arnemann

Kauaʻi and Maui · May – Jun 1946

George F. Arnemann in Kauaʻi and Maui, May – June 1946

79 specimens · 2 stops · 27 days · 338 km

Harold St.John

Oʻahu · 10–31 Mar 1935

Harold St.John in Oʻahu, 10–31 March 1935

65 specimens · 3 stops · 22 days

How a journey is found

Every specimen with a full date (year, month and day; a bare “1 January” is treated as a missing day) and a named collector is a diary entry. For each collector the days are read in order, each day given the place most of its labels name. The place where a collector spent more than forty percent of their days, and at least sixty of them, is home: days there are left out.

A gap of more than 21 days between collecting days ends one journey and begins the next. A journey must run five to four hundred days, hold at least forty specimens and touch at least two places. Within it, consecutive days inside the same or a neighbouring tenth-of-a-degree cell (about eleven kilometres) are one stop; the stop’s point is the mean of its labels’ coordinates, or the island’s centre when none carry any.

Companions are collectors whose own labels put them in the same cell on the same days. Staff can name a journey, write about it, feature it or hide it; those words survive every rebuild. Everything else is read off the specimens and rebuilt by harvest.mjs expeditions as the records improve.