Bishop MuseumExplore

Journeys

The expeditions, reassembled

Every dated label is a diary entry. Read a collector’s labels in order and the voyage comes back: the islands in sequence, the days at each, the specimens from every stop. 516 journeys so far, 1882 to 2003, 203,239 specimens between them.

225 collectors and expeditions9,587 days in the field2,429,515 km between stops172,106 photographed specimens

Tsing-Chao Maa

3 countries · Aug – Dec 1958

Tsing-Chao Maa in Malaysia, Singapore and Papua New Guinea, August – December 1958

50 specimens · 16 stops · 111 days · 7,301 km

Yoshio KondoKay Kondo

Oʻahu · Jul – Aug 1939

Yoshio KondoKay Kondo in Oʻahu, July – August 1939

78 specimens · 2 stops · 27 days · 25 km

Alfred F. Judd Jr

3 islands · Feb – Mar 1926

Alfred F. Judd Jr in Tutuila, Lānaʻi and Ofu, February – March 1926

43 specimens · 6 stops · 46 days · 4,276 km

Donald Anderson

Oʻahu · 5–14 Feb 1939

Donald Anderson in Oʻahu, 5–14 February 1939

89 specimens · 2 stops · 10 days · 23 km

George Butler

Laysan · 20–24 Jul 1959

George Butler in Laysan, 20–24 July 1959

193 specimens · 2 stops · 5 days

D. Cmc Jr.

3 islands · 1–17 Jun 1923

D. Cmc Jr. in Nihoa, Mokumanamana and Lisianski, 1–17 June 1923

50 specimens · 5 stops · 17 days · 1,520 km

Yoshio KondoKay Kondo

Oʻahu · Feb – Mar 1951

Yoshio KondoKay Kondo in Oʻahu, February – March 1951

53 specimens · 4 stops · 23 days

Erling Christopherson

Upolu · 5–15 Aug 1929

Erling Christopherson in Upolu, 5–15 August 1929

68 specimens · 3 stops · 11 days · 8 km

Hans George Hornbostel

Tinian · 1–23 May 1924

Hans George Hornbostel in Tinian, 1–23 May 1924

77 specimens · 2 stops · 23 days

George F. Arnemann

Kauaʻi and Maui · Jul – Aug 1946

George F. Arnemann in Kauaʻi and Maui, July – August 1946

59 specimens · 3 stops · 25 days · 422 km

George F. Arnemann

Guadalcanal Island · 10–16 Feb 1966

George F. Arnemann in Guadalcanal Island, 10–16 February 1966

60 specimens · 4 stops · 7 days · 78 km

C.S. Dole

Kauaʻi · 1–19 Jul 1909

C.S. Dole in Kauaʻi, 1–19 July 1909

63 specimens · 3 stops · 19 days · 110 km

Edwin Horace Bryan Jr.

Oʻahu · 1–21 Apr 1929

Edwin Horace Bryan Jr. in Oʻahu, 1–21 April 1929

52 specimens · 5 stops · 21 days · 429 km

Rokuro Yamaguchi

Kauaʻi and Oʻahu · Aug – Sep 1940

Rokuro Yamaguchi in Kauaʻi and Oʻahu, August – September 1940

75 specimens · 2 stops · 21 days · 319 km

Gunder E. Olson

Maui · Oct – Dec 1936

Gunder E. Olson in Maui, October – December 1936

54 specimens · 3 stops · 54 days · 37 km

Yoshio KondoKay Kondo

Oʻahu and Aguijan · Jan – Feb 1952

Yoshio KondoKay Kondo in Oʻahu and Aguijan, January – February 1952

43 specimens · 5 stops · 34 days · 6,123 km

Edwin Horace Bryan Jr.

Molokaʻi · 18–23 Dec 1925

Edwin Horace Bryan Jr. in Molokaʻi, 18–23 December 1925

94 specimens · 3 stops · 6 days · 2 km

Robert Whitman

Oʻahu · 6–27 Apr 1935

Robert Whitman in Oʻahu, 6–27 April 1935

74 specimens · 2 stops · 22 days · 144 km

Charles N. Forbes

Oʻahu · 1–17 Jul 1914

Charles N. Forbes in Oʻahu, 1–17 July 1914

78 specimens · 2 stops · 17 days · 20 km

Donald Anderson

Oʻahu · Dec 1938 – Jan 1939

Donald Anderson in Oʻahu, December 1938 – January 1939

84 specimens · 2 stops · 9 days

Walter M. Giffard

Oʻahu · 17–27 Sep 1935

Walter M. Giffard in Oʻahu, 17–27 September 1935

81 specimens · 2 stops · 11 days · 27 km

Charles Montague Cooke Jr. 7 Others

Ovalau and Munia Island · Jul – Aug 1938

Charles Montague Cooke Jr. 7 Others in Ovalau and Munia Island, July – August 1938

74 specimens · 2 stops · 20 days · 248 km

Various

3 islands · May – Jun 1952

Various in Aguijan, Rota and Tinian, May – June 1952

68 specimens · 2 stops · 36 days · 89 km

George F. Arnemann

Kauaʻi · Jun – Jul 1951

George F. Arnemann in Kauaʻi, June – July 1951

73 specimens · 2 stops · 19 days · 38 km

How a journey is found

Every specimen with a full date (year, month and day; a bare “1 January” is treated as a missing day) and a named collector is a diary entry. For each collector the days are read in order, each day given the place most of its labels name. The place where a collector spent more than forty percent of their days, and at least sixty of them, is home: days there are left out.

A gap of more than 21 days between collecting days ends one journey and begins the next. A journey must run five to four hundred days, hold at least forty specimens and touch at least two places. Within it, consecutive days inside the same or a neighbouring tenth-of-a-degree cell (about eleven kilometres) are one stop; the stop’s point is the mean of its labels’ coordinates, or the island’s centre when none carry any.

Companions are collectors whose own labels put them in the same cell on the same days. Staff can name a journey, write about it, feature it or hide it; those words survive every rebuild. Everything else is read off the specimens and rebuilt by harvest.mjs expeditions as the records improve.