Bishop MuseumExplore

Journeys

The expeditions, reassembled

Every dated label is a diary entry. Read a collector’s labels in order and the voyage comes back: the islands in sequence, the days at each, the specimens from every stop. 516 journeys so far, 1882 to 2003, 203,239 specimens between them.

225 collectors and expeditions9,587 days in the field2,429,515 km between stops172,106 photographed specimens

Fosberg F. Raymond

Kauaʻi · 25–30 Dec 1933

Fosberg F. Raymond in Kauaʻi, 25–30 December 1933

69 specimens · 2 stops · 6 days · 35 km

H.G. Barnacle

1–28 Sep 1882

H.G. Barnacle, 1–28 September 1882

44 specimens · 3 stops · 28 days

Joseph Swift Emerson

1–28 Sep 1882

Joseph Swift Emerson, 1–28 September 1882

44 specimens · 3 stops · 28 days

Ignacia Benevente

Rota and Saipan · 20–26 Jun 1952

Ignacia Benevente in Rota and Saipan, 20–26 June 1952

65 specimens · 2 stops · 7 days · 128 km

Alex B. Anderson

3 islands of French Polynesia · 8–26 Aug 1934

Alex B. Anderson in Tubuai, Rurutu and Raivavae, 8–26 August 1934

40 specimens · 5 stops · 19 days · 411 km

Noel Louis Hilmer Krauss

3 islands · Feb – Apr 1985

Noel Louis Hilmer Krauss in Guadalcanal, Viti Levu and Ghizo, February – April 1985

50 specimens · 4 stops · 50 days · 1,277 km

Grace Burgess Grace Burgess

Hawaiʻi Island · 1–19 Jun 1945

Grace Burgess Grace Burgess in Hawaiʻi Island, 1–19 June 1945

71 specimens · 2 stops · 19 days · 285 km

Otto Herman Swezey

Oʻahu and Hawaiʻi Island · May – Jun 1919

Otto Herman Swezey in Oʻahu and Hawaiʻi Island, May – June 1919

53 specimens · 6 stops · 31 days · 232 km

Kenneth Pike Emory

3 islands · 14–28 Apr 1925

Kenneth Pike Emory in Raiatea, Tahiti and Taha'A, 14–28 April 1925

43 specimens · 3 stops · 15 days · 269 km

C.W. Isle

Oʻahu · May – Jun 1936

C.W. Isle in Oʻahu, May – June 1936

58 specimens · 2 stops · 7 days · 31 km

G. Whiting

Oʻahu · 12–23 Jan 1929

G. Whiting in Oʻahu, 12–23 January 1929

53 specimens · 2 stops · 12 days · 41 km

Patrick V. Kirch

Niuatoputapu Island · 13–19 Jul 1976

Patrick V. Kirch in Niuatoputapu Island, 13–19 July 1976

64 specimens · 4 stops · 7 days

George McGowan

Oʻahu · Apr – May 1933

George McGowan in Oʻahu, April – May 1933

40 specimens · 3 stops · 15 days · 134 km

Brenda Bishop

3 islands of the United States · 3–18 Aug 1963

Brenda Bishop in Molokaʻi, Oʻahu and Kauaʻi, 3–18 August 1963

49 specimens · 2 stops · 16 days · 50 km

Zaca Exp

Tutuila and Savaii · 1–25 Oct 1936

Zaca Exp in Tutuila and Savaii, 1–25 October 1936

46 specimens · 2 stops · 25 days · 207 km

D'Alte A. Welch

Hawaiʻi Island · Dec 1935 – Jan 1936

D'Alte A. Welch in Hawaiʻi Island, December 1935 – January 1936

56 specimens · 2 stops · 6 days · 87 km

Erling Christophersen

Tutuila and Upolu · 24–29 Jun 1931

Erling Christophersen in Tutuila and Upolu, 24–29 June 1931

53 specimens · 3 stops · 6 days · 145 km

Alice T. Cooke

Maui · 25–29 May 1915

Alice T. Cooke in Maui, 25–29 May 1915

55 specimens · 2 stops · 5 days · 38 km

and Mrs. Murnan

Oʻahu · 15–19 Mar 1948

and Mrs. Murnan in Oʻahu, 15–19 March 1948

54 specimens · 2 stops · 5 days · 154 km

George F. Arnemann

Kauaʻi · 19–23 Jan 1948

George F. Arnemann in Kauaʻi, 19–23 January 1948

54 specimens · 2 stops · 5 days · 39 km

Anthony Polansky

Oʻahu · Jan – Feb 1964

Anthony Polansky in Oʻahu, January – February 1964

45 specimens · 2 stops · 18 days

W. Harry Lange

Saipan · Mar – Apr 1948

W. Harry Lange in Saipan, March – April 1948

47 specimens · 2 stops · 33 days · 126 km

George F. Arnemann

Kauaʻi · 2–22 May 1948

George F. Arnemann in Kauaʻi, 2–22 May 1948

43 specimens · 2 stops · 21 days

Ben Olivera

Oʻahu · May – Jun 1917

Ben Olivera in Oʻahu, May – June 1917

43 specimens · 2 stops · 19 days · 157 km

How a journey is found

Every specimen with a full date (year, month and day; a bare “1 January” is treated as a missing day) and a named collector is a diary entry. For each collector the days are read in order, each day given the place most of its labels name. The place where a collector spent more than forty percent of their days, and at least sixty of them, is home: days there are left out.

A gap of more than 21 days between collecting days ends one journey and begins the next. A journey must run five to four hundred days, hold at least forty specimens and touch at least two places. Within it, consecutive days inside the same or a neighbouring tenth-of-a-degree cell (about eleven kilometres) are one stop; the stop’s point is the mean of its labels’ coordinates, or the island’s centre when none carry any.

Companions are collectors whose own labels put them in the same cell on the same days. Staff can name a journey, write about it, feature it or hide it; those words survive every rebuild. Everything else is read off the specimens and rebuilt by harvest.mjs expeditions as the records improve.