Bishop MuseumExplore

Journeys

The expeditions, reassembled

Every dated label is a diary entry. Read a collector’s labels in order and the voyage comes back: the islands in sequence, the days at each, the specimens from every stop. 706 journeys so far, 1879 to 2024, 154,760 specimens between them.

304 collectors and expeditions13,208 days in the field3,394,751 km between stops109,031 photographed specimens

Johnson Randall

20 islands · Aug – Dec 1993

Johnson Randall across 20 islands, August – December 1993

214 specimens · 31 stops · 114 days · 29,910 km

T. Cora

Oʻahu · Jun – Aug 1930

T. Cora in Oʻahu, June – August 1930

168 specimens · 9 stops · 79 days · 599 km

McAllister

Oʻahu · Jun – Aug 1930

McAllister in Oʻahu, June – August 1930

168 specimens · 9 stops · 79 days · 599 km

Harold St.John

5 islands · Jun – Aug 1947

Harold St.John across 5 islands, June – August 1947

162 specimens · 13 stops · 63 days · 23,782 km

Johnson Randall

5 islands · Jun – Dec 1971

Johnson Randall across 5 islands, June – December 1971

221 specimens · 23 stops · 158 days · 27,137 km

A.R. Emery

11 islands of Palau · Mar – Apr 1970

A.R. Emery across 11 islands of Palau, March – April 1970

294 specimens · 18 stops · 28 days · 43,958 km

G.W. Gillett

3 islands of the United States · Jan – May 1964

G.W. Gillett in Oʻahu, Kauaʻi and Maui, January – May 1964

114 specimens · 22 stops · 121 days · 912 km

Otto Degener

3 islands of the United States · Oct 1948 – Apr 1949

Otto Degener in Maui, Oʻahu and Hawaiʻi Island, October 1948 – April 1949

115 specimens · 24 stops · 160 days · 1,125 km

Edwin Horace Bryan Jr.

4 islands of the United States · Jul – Sep 1927

Edwin Horace Bryan Jr. across 4 islands of the United States, July – September 1927

243 specimens · 11 stops · 55 days · 849 km

Edmund J. Meadows

Oʻahu · Mar – Apr 1938

Edmund J. Meadows in Oʻahu, March – April 1938

314 specimens · 3 stops · 20 days · 307 km

M.E. Leu

Oʻahu and Hawaiʻi Island · Apr – Jun 1988

M.E. Leu in Oʻahu and Hawaiʻi Island, April – June 1988

283 specimens · 10 stops · 70 days · 1,397 km

R.J. Baker

Oʻahu · Nov 1989 – Jan 1990

R.J. Baker in Oʻahu, November 1989 – January 1990

345 specimens · 7 stops · 45 days

Walter M. Giffard

Oʻahu · Jan – Feb 1916

Walter M. Giffard in Oʻahu, January – February 1916

478 specimens · 4 stops · 45 days

Erling Christophersen

3 islands · Oct 1924 – Jan 1925

Erling Christophersen in Oʻahu, Tutuila and Hawaiʻi Island, October 1924 – January 1925

126 specimens · 16 stops · 85 days · 17,725 km

L.M. Crago

Oʻahu and Hawaiʻi Island · Jan – Mar 2005

L.M. Crago in Oʻahu and Hawaiʻi Island, January – March 2005

144 specimens · 11 stops · 77 days · 893 km

Derral R. Herbst

Hawaiʻi Island and Oʻahu · Jul – Sep 1966

Derral R. Herbst in Hawaiʻi Island and Oʻahu, July – September 1966

129 specimens · 17 stops · 57 days · 459 km

van Royen

3 islands · Jun – Sep 1967

van Royen in Oʻahu, Kauaʻi and Moorea, June – September 1967

147 specimens · 11 stops · 80 days · 8,799 km

R. Gankin

3 islands of the United States · Jun – Jul 1968

R. Gankin in Hawaiʻi Island, Maui and Oʻahu, June – July 1968

143 specimens · 12 stops · 50 days · 1,198 km

T.R. Herat

Oʻahu and Kauaʻi · Jun – Aug 1973

T.R. Herat in Oʻahu and Kauaʻi, June – August 1973

129 specimens · 14 stops · 78 days · 254 km

R. Herat

Oʻahu and Kauaʻi · Jun – Aug 1973

R. Herat in Oʻahu and Kauaʻi, June – August 1973

129 specimens · 14 stops · 78 days · 254 km

Joseph E. Alicata

Oʻahu · Nov 1935 – Mar 1936

Joseph E. Alicata in Oʻahu, November 1935 – March 1936

97 specimens · 29 stops · 106 days · 1,315 km

F. Raymond Fosberg

Oʻahu and Molokaʻi · Feb – Apr 1948

F. Raymond Fosberg in Oʻahu and Molokaʻi, February – April 1948

132 specimens · 15 stops · 71 days · 524 km

L.S. Reynolds

Oʻahu · May – Jul 2006

L.S. Reynolds in Oʻahu, May – July 2006

113 specimens · 23 stops · 53 days

M.L. Lohman

3 islands of the United States · Aug – Sep 1952

M.L. Lohman in Hawaiʻi Island, Oʻahu and Maui, August – September 1952

182 specimens · 14 stops · 22 days · 54 km

How a journey is found

Every specimen with a full date (year, month and day; a bare “1 January” is treated as a missing day) and a named collector is a diary entry. For each collector the days are read in order, each day given the place most of its labels name. The place where a collector spent more than forty percent of their days, and at least sixty of them, is home: days there are left out.

A gap of more than 21 days between collecting days ends one journey and begins the next. A journey must run five to four hundred days, hold at least forty specimens and touch at least two places. Within it, consecutive days inside the same or a neighbouring tenth-of-a-degree cell (about eleven kilometres) are one stop; the stop’s point is the mean of its labels’ coordinates, or the island’s centre when none carry any.

Companions are collectors whose own labels put them in the same cell on the same days. Staff can name a journey, write about it, feature it or hide it; those words survive every rebuild. Everything else is read off the specimens and rebuilt by harvest.mjs expeditions as the records improve.