Bishop MuseumExplore

Journeys

The expeditions, reassembled

Every dated label is a diary entry. Read a collector’s labels in order and the voyage comes back: the islands in sequence, the days at each, the specimens from every stop. 706 journeys so far, 1879 to 2024, 154,760 specimens between them.

304 collectors and expeditions13,208 days in the field3,394,751 km between stops109,031 photographed specimens

M.E. Leu

3 islands of the United States · Dec 1988 – Mar 1989

M.E. Leu in Oʻahu, Kauaʻi and Maui, December 1988 – March 1989

235 specimens · 13 stops · 99 days · 1,105 km

Charles N. Forbes

Oʻahu · Jan – May 1917

Charles N. Forbes in Oʻahu, January – May 1917

140 specimens · 12 stops · 95 days · 453 km

K.E. Schlech

Oʻahu · Jun – Jul 1979

K.E. Schlech in Oʻahu, June – July 1979

124 specimens · 17 stops · 50 days

F. Raymond Fosberg

8 islands · Sep – Oct 1960

F. Raymond Fosberg across 8 islands, September – October 1960

112 specimens · 22 stops · 56 days · 12,270 km

J.E. Lewis

3 islands of the United States · Mar – May 1984

J.E. Lewis in Hawaiʻi Island, Oʻahu and Maui, March – May 1984

129 specimens · 12 stops · 90 days · 948 km

Edwin Horace Bryan Jr.

Oʻahu · Sep – Nov 1934

Edwin Horace Bryan Jr. in Oʻahu, September – November 1934

152 specimens · 11 stops · 64 days · 289 km

Jackson Harris

Oʻahu · Aug – Oct 1924

Jackson Harris in Oʻahu, August – October 1924

110 specimens · 20 stops · 58 days · 226 km

J.W. Coulter

3 islands of the United States · 1–29 Dec 1932

J.W. Coulter in Molokaʻi, Kauaʻi and Oʻahu, 1–29 December 1932

180 specimens · 7 stops · 29 days · 28 km

Yoshio KondoKay Kondo

Lānaʻi and Oʻahu · Feb – Apr 1961

Yoshio KondoKay Kondo in Lānaʻi and Oʻahu, February – April 1961

141 specimens · 11 stops · 50 days · 429 km

Harold St.John

Oʻahu · Apr – Jul 1932

Harold St.John in Oʻahu, April – July 1932

114 specimens · 14 stops · 120 days · 259 km

Paul K. Higashino

4 islands of the United States · Jan – May 1977

Paul K. Higashino across 4 islands of the United States, January – May 1977

104 specimens · 19 stops · 118 days · 802 km

Donald Anderson

Oʻahu and Molokaʻi · May – Jul 1933

Donald Anderson in Oʻahu and Molokaʻi, May – July 1933

238 specimens · 3 stops · 54 days · 137 km

station

3 islands of the United States · Nov – Dec 1968

station, November – December 1968

344 specimens · 7 stops · 28 days · 298 km

V Townsend Cromwell cruise 40

3 islands of the United States · Nov – Dec 1968

V Townsend Cromwell cruise 40, November – December 1968

344 specimens · 7 stops · 28 days · 298 km

Harold St.John

11 islands · Jul – Aug 1949

Harold St.John across 11 islands, July – August 1949

180 specimens · 15 stops · 30 days · 6,890 km

Yoshio KondoKay Kondo

Oʻahu · Mar – Apr 1948

Yoshio KondoKay Kondo in Oʻahu, March – April 1948

164 specimens · 7 stops · 37 days · 934 km

Edwin Horace Bryan Jr.

3 islands of the United States · Jun – Sep 1928

Edwin Horace Bryan Jr. in Kauaʻi, Oʻahu and Hawaiʻi Island, June – September 1928

168 specimens · 15 stops · 81 days · 1,078 km

Donald Anderson

Oʻahu · Jul – Sep 1940

Donald Anderson in Oʻahu, July – September 1940

225 specimens · 3 stops · 64 days · 160 km

Joseph F. Rock

3 islands of the United States · Jan – Mar 1912

Joseph F. Rock in Hawaiʻi Island, Maui and Oʻahu, January – March 1912

133 specimens · 13 stops · 71 days · 136 km

Otto Herman Swezey

Kauaʻi and Oʻahu · Aug – Sep 1925

Otto Herman Swezey in Kauaʻi and Oʻahu, August – September 1925

211 specimens · 21 stops · 38 days · 254 km

Otto Herman Swezey

4 islands of the United States · Jul – Oct 1921

Otto Herman Swezey across 4 islands of the United States, July – October 1921

185 specimens · 22 stops · 99 days · 1,113 km

Johnson Randall

3 islands of the United States · Oct – Dec 1967

Johnson Randall in Enewetak Atoll, Oʻahu and Tahiti, October – December 1967

238 specimens · 14 stops · 40 days · 20,674 km

Johnson Randall

8 islands · Jun – Sep 1986

Johnson Randall across 8 islands, June – September 1986

167 specimens · 23 stops · 68 days · 75,616 km

Otto Degener

Oʻahu and Maui · Jan – Jun 1937

Otto Degener in Oʻahu and Maui, January – June 1937

92 specimens · 21 stops · 132 days · 335 km

How a journey is found

Every specimen with a full date (year, month and day; a bare “1 January” is treated as a missing day) and a named collector is a diary entry. For each collector the days are read in order, each day given the place most of its labels name. The place where a collector spent more than forty percent of their days, and at least sixty of them, is home: days there are left out.

A gap of more than 21 days between collecting days ends one journey and begins the next. A journey must run five to four hundred days, hold at least forty specimens and touch at least two places. Within it, consecutive days inside the same or a neighbouring tenth-of-a-degree cell (about eleven kilometres) are one stop; the stop’s point is the mean of its labels’ coordinates, or the island’s centre when none carry any.

Companions are collectors whose own labels put them in the same cell on the same days. Staff can name a journey, write about it, feature it or hide it; those words survive every rebuild. Everything else is read off the specimens and rebuilt by harvest.mjs expeditions as the records improve.