Bishop MuseumExplore

Journeys

The expeditions, reassembled

Every dated label is a diary entry. Read a collector’s labels in order and the voyage comes back: the islands in sequence, the days at each, the specimens from every stop. 706 journeys so far, 1879 to 2024, 154,760 specimens between them.

304 collectors and expeditions13,208 days in the field3,394,751 km between stops109,031 photographed specimens

M.A. Evans

3 islands of the United States · Jun – Jul 1990

M.A. Evans in Molokaʻi, Oʻahu and Maui, June – July 1990

142 specimens · 8 stops · 35 days · 100 km

Joseph F. Rock

4 islands of the United States · Jan – Mar 1920

Joseph F. Rock across 4 islands of the United States, January – March 1920

107 specimens · 12 stops · 42 days · 445 km

Benjamin C. Stone

Kauaʻi and Oʻahu · Dec 1956 – Jan 1957

Benjamin C. Stone in Kauaʻi and Oʻahu, December 1956 – January 1957

156 specimens · 7 stops · 12 days

Joseph F. Rock

Hawaiʻi Island and Oʻahu · Feb – Apr 1957

Joseph F. Rock in Hawaiʻi Island and Oʻahu, February – April 1957

96 specimens · 16 stops · 58 days · 908 km

Erling Christophersen

3 islands · Dec 1931 – Feb 1932

Erling Christophersen in Tutuila, Oʻahu and Upolu, December 1931 – February 1932

148 specimens · 8 stops · 47 days · 8,662 km

Pele Expedition 1961-1962

Oʻahu and Hawaiʻi Island · Feb – May 1962

Pele Expedition 1961-1962, February – May 1962

99 specimens · 10 stops · 99 days · 472 km

Benjamin C. Stone

3 islands · Aug – Sep 1961

Benjamin C. Stone in Kauaʻi, Oʻahu and New Caledonia, August – September 1961

94 specimens · 16 stops · 48 days · 15,390 km

R.J. Baker

Oʻahu and Kauaʻi · Apr – Jun 1975

R.J. Baker in Oʻahu and Kauaʻi, April – June 1975

114 specimens · 10 stops · 66 days

C. Squair

Hawaiʻi Island and Oʻahu · Jul – Aug 2006

C. Squair in Hawaiʻi Island and Oʻahu, July – August 2006

205 specimens · 3 stops · 24 days · 113 km

J.S. Miller

Oʻahu and Hawaiʻi Island · Jul – Aug 1992

J.S. Miller in Oʻahu and Hawaiʻi Island, July – August 1992

152 specimens · 7 stops · 11 days · 502 km

M. Merello

Oʻahu and Hawaiʻi Island · Jul – Aug 1992

M. Merello in Oʻahu and Hawaiʻi Island, July – August 1992

152 specimens · 7 stops · 11 days · 502 km

Varnum Dennis Phillip Spicer

Kiritimati and Oʻahu · 1–17 Jun 1943

Varnum Dennis Phillip Spicer in Kiritimati and Oʻahu, 1–17 June 1943

266 specimens · 2 stops · 17 days · 2,184 km

C.H. Lamoureux

Maui and Oʻahu · 6–16 Aug 1967

C.H. Lamoureux in Maui and Oʻahu, 6–16 August 1967

193 specimens · 4 stops · 11 days · 45 km

Isa Degener

3 islands of the United States · Mar – May 1959

Isa Degener in Maui, Molokaʻi and Oʻahu, March – May 1959

108 specimens · 11 stops · 39 days · 864 km

F. Raymond Fosberg

4 islands of the United States · 9–27 Mar 1961

F. Raymond Fosberg across 4 islands of the United States, 9–27 March 1961

105 specimens · 15 stops · 19 days · 925 km

Yoshio KondoKay Kondo

Oʻahu · Mar – Jun 1946

Yoshio KondoKay Kondo in Oʻahu, March – June 1946

124 specimens · 6 stops · 65 days · 506 km

Edwin Horace Bryan Jr.

Oʻahu · May – Jun 1932

Edwin Horace Bryan Jr. in Oʻahu, May – June 1932

171 specimens · 4 stops · 31 days

E.Y. Hashimoto

Hawaiʻi Island and Oʻahu · Dec 1931 – Jan 1932

E.Y. Hashimoto in Hawaiʻi Island and Oʻahu, December 1931 – January 1932

114 specimens · 10 stops · 21 days · 230 km

A. Gouveia A. Gouveia A. Gouveia v A. Gouveia

Oʻahu · Oct 1916 – Feb 1917

A. Gouveia A. Gouveia A. Gouveia v A. Gouveia in Oʻahu, October 1916 – February 1917

121 specimens · 5 stops · 120 days · 343 km

Donald Anderson

Oʻahu · Apr – May 1959

Donald Anderson in Oʻahu, April – May 1959

79 specimens · 18 stops · 59 days · 252 km

Edmund J. Meadows

Oʻahu · May – Jun 1938

Edmund J. Meadows in Oʻahu, May – June 1938

156 specimens · 4 stops · 29 days · 312 km

Otto Degener

Lānaʻi and Oʻahu · Jul – Aug 1957

Otto Degener in Lānaʻi and Oʻahu, July – August 1957

107 specimens · 9 stops · 52 days · 554 km

Joseph F. Rock

Kauaʻi and Oʻahu · 1–24 Oct 1911

Joseph F. Rock in Kauaʻi and Oʻahu, 1–24 October 1911

148 specimens · 5 stops · 24 days

Derral R. Herbst

6 islands of the United States · Jul – Sep 1978

Derral R. Herbst across 6 islands of the United States, July – September 1978

97 specimens · 10 stops · 65 days · 2,116 km

How a journey is found

Every specimen with a full date (year, month and day; a bare “1 January” is treated as a missing day) and a named collector is a diary entry. For each collector the days are read in order, each day given the place most of its labels name. The place where a collector spent more than forty percent of their days, and at least sixty of them, is home: days there are left out.

A gap of more than 21 days between collecting days ends one journey and begins the next. A journey must run five to four hundred days, hold at least forty specimens and touch at least two places. Within it, consecutive days inside the same or a neighbouring tenth-of-a-degree cell (about eleven kilometres) are one stop; the stop’s point is the mean of its labels’ coordinates, or the island’s centre when none carry any.

Companions are collectors whose own labels put them in the same cell on the same days. Staff can name a journey, write about it, feature it or hide it; those words survive every rebuild. Everything else is read off the specimens and rebuilt by harvest.mjs expeditions as the records improve.