Bishop MuseumExplore

Journeys

The expeditions, reassembled

Every dated label is a diary entry. Read a collector’s labels in order and the voyage comes back: the islands in sequence, the days at each, the specimens from every stop. 706 journeys so far, 1879 to 2024, 154,760 specimens between them.

304 collectors and expeditions13,208 days in the field3,394,751 km between stops109,031 photographed specimens

Erling Christophersen

8 islands · Jun – Sep 1924

Erling Christophersen across 8 islands, June – September 1924

81 specimens · 18 stops · 111 days · 15,205 km

H.F. Bergman

Oʻahu and Maui · Dec 1927 – Feb 1928

H.F. Bergman in Oʻahu and Maui, December 1927 – February 1928

81 specimens · 10 stops · 62 days · 364 km

David F. Grether

9 islands · Oct – Dec 1945

David F. Grether across 9 islands, October – December 1945

75 specimens · 15 stops · 36 days · 6,774 km

A.G. Whiting

3 islands of the United States · Jan – Mar 1929

A.G. Whiting in Oʻahu, Hawaiʻi Island and Maui, January – March 1929

69 specimens · 15 stops · 71 days · 366 km

Thomas G. Lammers

3 islands of the United States · Aug – Sep 1983

Thomas G. Lammers in Hawaiʻi Island, Oʻahu and Kauaʻi, August – September 1983

116 specimens · 7 stops · 11 days · 741 km

John W. Beardsley

Hawaiʻi Island and Oʻahu · Aug – Oct 1958

John W. Beardsley in Hawaiʻi Island and Oʻahu, August – October 1958

123 specimens · 14 stops · 87 days · 230 km

Harold St.John

Molokaʻi and Oʻahu · Dec 1938 – Jan 1939

Harold St.John in Molokaʻi and Oʻahu, December 1938 – January 1939

125 specimens · 5 stops · 20 days · 101 km

Cottam Hudson

Molokaʻi and Oʻahu · Dec 1948 – Jan 1949

Cottam Hudson in Molokaʻi and Oʻahu, December 1948 – January 1949

125 specimens · 6 stops · 15 days · 220 km

Warren L. Wagner Jr.

9 islands · Oct – Dec 1945

Warren L. Wagner Jr. across 9 islands, October – December 1945

74 specimens · 15 stops · 36 days · 6,774 km

Derral R. Herbst

3 islands of the United States · Apr – Jun 1978

Derral R. Herbst in Oʻahu, Hawaiʻi Island and Kauaʻi, April – June 1978

102 specimens · 6 stops · 43 days · 778 km

D. Paquin

Oʻahu · Aug – Oct 1986

D. Paquin in Oʻahu, August – October 1986

79 specimens · 11 stops · 64 days

Pele Expedition 1963

Oʻahu · 1–26 Jun 1963

Pele Expedition 1963, 1–26 June 1963

151 specimens · 3 stops · 26 days · 257 km

Yoshio KondoKay Kondo

4 islands · May – Aug 1962

Yoshio KondoKay Kondo across 4 islands, May – August 1962

76 specimens · 12 stops · 89 days · 12,838 km

C.H. Lamoureux

5 islands of the United States · 1–14 Sep 1961

C.H. Lamoureux across 5 islands of the United States, 1–14 September 1961

109 specimens · 8 stops · 14 days · 1,751 km

Maxwell S. Doty

3 islands of the United States · Mar – May 1965

Maxwell S. Doty in Maui, Hawaiʻi Island and Oʻahu, March – May 1965

99 specimens · 11 stops · 79 days · 1,350 km

George Campbell Munro

Oʻahu · Jan – May 1950

George Campbell Munro in Oʻahu, January – May 1950

53 specimens · 27 stops · 113 days · 1,261 km

W.J. Gilbert

6 islands · Jun – Aug 1963

W.J. Gilbert across 6 islands, June – August 1963

69 specimens · 15 stops · 62 days · 5,418 km

A. Meebold

Hawaiʻi Island and Oʻahu · Apr – May 1932

A. Meebold in Hawaiʻi Island and Oʻahu, April – May 1932

147 specimens · 3 stops · 31 days · 230 km

E.A. Bessey

Oʻahu · Sep 1939 – Mar 1940

E.A. Bessey in Oʻahu, September 1939 – March 1940

86 specimens · 33 stops · 202 days · 903 km

Malacology Staff

Oʻahu · Jul – Aug 1939

Malacology Staff, July – August 1939

184 specimens · 2 stops · 27 days · 28 km

Johnson Randall

Oʻahu and Hawaiʻi Island · Jul – Oct 1970

Johnson Randall in Oʻahu and Hawaiʻi Island, July – October 1970

117 specimens · 19 stops · 83 days · 459 km

Otto Degener

Oʻahu · Feb – May 1962

Otto Degener in Oʻahu, February – May 1962

60 specimens · 18 stops · 103 days · 319 km

F. Fagerlind

6 islands of the United States · Jan – Apr 1948

F. Fagerlind across 6 islands of the United States, January – April 1948

70 specimens · 24 stops · 78 days · 1,702 km

Hume Wilder

Oʻahu · Jan – Apr 1931

Hume Wilder in Oʻahu, January – April 1931

83 specimens · 7 stops · 89 days · 646 km

How a journey is found

Every specimen with a full date (year, month and day; a bare “1 January” is treated as a missing day) and a named collector is a diary entry. For each collector the days are read in order, each day given the place most of its labels name. The place where a collector spent more than forty percent of their days, and at least sixty of them, is home: days there are left out.

A gap of more than 21 days between collecting days ends one journey and begins the next. A journey must run five to four hundred days, hold at least forty specimens and touch at least two places. Within it, consecutive days inside the same or a neighbouring tenth-of-a-degree cell (about eleven kilometres) are one stop; the stop’s point is the mean of its labels’ coordinates, or the island’s centre when none carry any.

Companions are collectors whose own labels put them in the same cell on the same days. Staff can name a journey, write about it, feature it or hide it; those words survive every rebuild. Everything else is read off the specimens and rebuilt by harvest.mjs expeditions as the records improve.