Journeys
The expeditions, reassembled
Every dated label is a diary entry. Read a collector’s labels in order and the voyage comes back: the islands in sequence, the days at each, the specimens from every stop. 706 journeys so far, 1879 to 2024, 154,760 specimens between them.
304 collectors and expeditions13,208 days in the field3,394,751 km between stops109,031 photographed specimens
706 journeys match

Erling Christophersen
8 islands · Jun – Sep 1924
Erling Christophersen across 8 islands, June – September 192481 specimens · 18 stops · 111 days · 15,205 km
H.F. Bergman
Oʻahu and Maui · Dec 1927 – Feb 1928
H.F. Bergman in Oʻahu and Maui, December 1927 – February 192881 specimens · 10 stops · 62 days · 364 km
David F. Grether
9 islands · Oct – Dec 1945
David F. Grether across 9 islands, October – December 194575 specimens · 15 stops · 36 days · 6,774 km
A.G. Whiting
3 islands of the United States · Jan – Mar 1929
A.G. Whiting in Oʻahu, Hawaiʻi Island and Maui, January – March 192969 specimens · 15 stops · 71 days · 366 km
Thomas G. Lammers
3 islands of the United States · Aug – Sep 1983
Thomas G. Lammers in Hawaiʻi Island, Oʻahu and Kauaʻi, August – September 1983116 specimens · 7 stops · 11 days · 741 km
John W. Beardsley
Hawaiʻi Island and Oʻahu · Aug – Oct 1958
John W. Beardsley in Hawaiʻi Island and Oʻahu, August – October 1958123 specimens · 14 stops · 87 days · 230 km
Harold St.John
Molokaʻi and Oʻahu · Dec 1938 – Jan 1939
Harold St.John in Molokaʻi and Oʻahu, December 1938 – January 1939125 specimens · 5 stops · 20 days · 101 km
Cottam Hudson
Molokaʻi and Oʻahu · Dec 1948 – Jan 1949
Cottam Hudson in Molokaʻi and Oʻahu, December 1948 – January 1949125 specimens · 6 stops · 15 days · 220 km
Warren L. Wagner Jr.
9 islands · Oct – Dec 1945
Warren L. Wagner Jr. across 9 islands, October – December 194574 specimens · 15 stops · 36 days · 6,774 km
Derral R. Herbst
3 islands of the United States · Apr – Jun 1978
Derral R. Herbst in Oʻahu, Hawaiʻi Island and Kauaʻi, April – June 1978102 specimens · 6 stops · 43 days · 778 km
D. Paquin
Oʻahu · Aug – Oct 1986
D. Paquin in Oʻahu, August – October 198679 specimens · 11 stops · 64 days



Pele Expedition 1963
Oʻahu · 1–26 Jun 1963
Pele Expedition 1963, 1–26 June 1963151 specimens · 3 stops · 26 days · 257 km

Yoshio KondoKay Kondo
4 islands · May – Aug 1962
Yoshio KondoKay Kondo across 4 islands, May – August 196276 specimens · 12 stops · 89 days · 12,838 km
C.H. Lamoureux
5 islands of the United States · 1–14 Sep 1961
C.H. Lamoureux across 5 islands of the United States, 1–14 September 1961109 specimens · 8 stops · 14 days · 1,751 km
Maxwell S. Doty
3 islands of the United States · Mar – May 1965
Maxwell S. Doty in Maui, Hawaiʻi Island and Oʻahu, March – May 196599 specimens · 11 stops · 79 days · 1,350 km
George Campbell Munro
Oʻahu · Jan – May 1950
George Campbell Munro in Oʻahu, January – May 195053 specimens · 27 stops · 113 days · 1,261 km
W.J. Gilbert
6 islands · Jun – Aug 1963
W.J. Gilbert across 6 islands, June – August 196369 specimens · 15 stops · 62 days · 5,418 km
A. Meebold
Hawaiʻi Island and Oʻahu · Apr – May 1932
A. Meebold in Hawaiʻi Island and Oʻahu, April – May 1932147 specimens · 3 stops · 31 days · 230 km
E.A. Bessey
Oʻahu · Sep 1939 – Mar 1940
E.A. Bessey in Oʻahu, September 1939 – March 194086 specimens · 33 stops · 202 days · 903 km



Malacology Staff
Oʻahu · Jul – Aug 1939
Malacology Staff, July – August 1939184 specimens · 2 stops · 27 days · 28 km
Johnson Randall
Oʻahu and Hawaiʻi Island · Jul – Oct 1970
Johnson Randall in Oʻahu and Hawaiʻi Island, July – October 1970117 specimens · 19 stops · 83 days · 459 km
Otto Degener
Oʻahu · Feb – May 1962
Otto Degener in Oʻahu, February – May 196260 specimens · 18 stops · 103 days · 319 km
F. Fagerlind
6 islands of the United States · Jan – Apr 1948
F. Fagerlind across 6 islands of the United States, January – April 194870 specimens · 24 stops · 78 days · 1,702 km



Hume Wilder
Oʻahu · Jan – Apr 1931
Hume Wilder in Oʻahu, January – April 193183 specimens · 7 stops · 89 days · 646 km
How a journey is found
Every specimen with a full date (year, month and day; a bare “1 January” is treated as a missing day) and a named collector is a diary entry. For each collector the days are read in order, each day given the place most of its labels name. The place where a collector spent more than forty percent of their days, and at least sixty of them, is home: days there are left out.
A gap of more than 21 days between collecting days ends one journey and begins the next. A journey must run five to four hundred days, hold at least forty specimens and touch at least two places. Within it, consecutive days inside the same or a neighbouring tenth-of-a-degree cell (about eleven kilometres) are one stop; the stop’s point is the mean of its labels’ coordinates, or the island’s centre when none carry any.
Companions are collectors whose own labels put them in the same cell on the same days. Staff can name a journey, write about it, feature it or hide it; those words survive every rebuild. Everything else is read off the specimens and rebuilt by harvest.mjs expeditions as the records improve.
