Bishop MuseumExplore

Journeys

The expeditions, reassembled

Every dated label is a diary entry. Read a collector’s labels in order and the voyage comes back: the islands in sequence, the days at each, the specimens from every stop. 706 journeys so far, 1879 to 2024, 154,760 specimens between them.

304 collectors and expeditions13,208 days in the field3,394,751 km between stops109,031 photographed specimens

Otto Degener

Oʻahu · May – Jul 1923

Otto Degener in Oʻahu, May – July 1923

56 specimens · 13 stops · 57 days · 979 km

L.D. Whiteaker

3 islands · May – Aug 1980

L.D. Whiteaker in Oʻahu, Savaii and Upolu, May – August 1980

62 specimens · 16 stops · 82 days · 4,343 km

M.S. Kim

Maui and Oʻahu · Dec 2000 – Feb 2001

M.S. Kim in Maui and Oʻahu, December 2000 – February 2001

152 specimens · 4 stops · 45 days · 68 km

Benjamin C. Stone

Hawaiʻi Island and Oʻahu · 1–13 Aug 1959

Benjamin C. Stone in Hawaiʻi Island and Oʻahu, 1–13 August 1959

76 specimens · 9 stops · 13 days · 35 km

William Alanson Bryan

Oʻahu · Nov 1903 – Jan 1904

William Alanson Bryan in Oʻahu, November 1903 – January 1904

65 specimens · 8 stops · 59 days · 252 km

M. Tsuneshige

Oʻahu · Jan – May 2022

M. Tsuneshige in Oʻahu, January – May 2022

54 specimens · 13 stops · 112 days

Harold St.John

Kauaʻi and Oʻahu · Dec 1956 – Jan 1957

Harold St.John in Kauaʻi and Oʻahu, December 1956 – January 1957

84 specimens · 8 stops · 14 days

Otto Degener

4 islands · Jan – Feb 1958

Otto Degener across 4 islands, January – February 1958

84 specimens · 20 stops · 41 days · 13,268 km

I.E. Lane

Molokaʻi and Oʻahu · Dec 1948 – Jan 1949

I.E. Lane in Molokaʻi and Oʻahu, December 1948 – January 1949

87 specimens · 6 stops · 27 days · 150 km

Donald Mitchell

Kauaʻi and Oʻahu · Nov 1930 – Jan 1931

Donald Mitchell in Kauaʻi and Oʻahu, November 1930 – January 1931

64 specimens · 10 stops · 36 days · 254 km

V Townsend Cromwell cruise 32

3 islands of the United States · Jul – Sep 1967

V Townsend Cromwell cruise 32, July – September 1967

114 specimens · 10 stops · 74 days · 738 km

George F. Arnemann

Oʻahu and Lānaʻi · Mar – Apr 1961

George F. Arnemann in Oʻahu and Lānaʻi, March – April 1961

83 specimens · 5 stops · 39 days · 265 km

C. Tiu

Oʻahu · Feb – Apr 1975

C. Tiu in Oʻahu, February – April 1975

62 specimens · 9 stops · 54 days

C.H. C. Hoyt

Oʻahu · Aug – Nov 1952

C.H. C. Hoyt in Oʻahu, August – November 1952

89 specimens · 12 stops · 81 days · 134 km

Timothy Flynn

Hawaiʻi Island and Oʻahu · Feb – Mar 1984

Timothy Flynn in Hawaiʻi Island and Oʻahu, February – March 1984

79 specimens · 6 stops · 30 days · 230 km

I.J. Condit

Oʻahu · Apr – May 1959

I.J. Condit in Oʻahu, April – May 1959

48 specimens · 17 stops · 58 days · 259 km

Maxwell S. Doty

7 islands · May – Jun 1973

Maxwell S. Doty across 7 islands, May – June 1973

66 specimens · 9 stops · 60 days · 36,912 km

H.J. Fortner

Oʻahu · Jan – May 1974

H.J. Fortner in Oʻahu, January – May 1974

55 specimens · 11 stops · 103 days · 294 km

Ralph C. DeFelice

Oʻahu and Midway Atoll · Aug – Nov 1997

Ralph C. DeFelice in Oʻahu and Midway Atoll, August – November 1997

180 specimens · 3 stops · 78 days · 4,219 km

Edwin Horace Bryan Jr.

5 islands · Mar – Jun 1915

Edwin Horace Bryan Jr. across 5 islands, March – June 1915

58 specimens · 9 stops · 75 days · 11,034 km

Amy Suehiro

Oʻahu · Sep – Nov 1932

Amy Suehiro in Oʻahu, September – November 1932

81 specimens · 5 stops · 46 days

M.A. Vaccarino

Oʻahu and Kauaʻi · 20–30 Jul 2009

M.A. Vaccarino in Oʻahu and Kauaʻi, 20–30 July 2009

135 specimens · 9 stops · 11 days · 653 km

Liloa Dunn

Oʻahu and Kauaʻi · Jan – Apr 2000

Liloa Dunn in Oʻahu and Kauaʻi, January – April 2000

47 specimens · 16 stops · 71 days · 509 km

station

4 islands of the United States · Oct – Nov 1958

station, October – November 1958

111 specimens · 13 stops · 32 days · 5,167 km

How a journey is found

Every specimen with a full date (year, month and day; a bare “1 January” is treated as a missing day) and a named collector is a diary entry. For each collector the days are read in order, each day given the place most of its labels name. The place where a collector spent more than forty percent of their days, and at least sixty of them, is home: days there are left out.

A gap of more than 21 days between collecting days ends one journey and begins the next. A journey must run five to four hundred days, hold at least forty specimens and touch at least two places. Within it, consecutive days inside the same or a neighbouring tenth-of-a-degree cell (about eleven kilometres) are one stop; the stop’s point is the mean of its labels’ coordinates, or the island’s centre when none carry any.

Companions are collectors whose own labels put them in the same cell on the same days. Staff can name a journey, write about it, feature it or hide it; those words survive every rebuild. Everything else is read off the specimens and rebuilt by harvest.mjs expeditions as the records improve.