Bishop MuseumExplore

Journeys

The expeditions, reassembled

Every dated label is a diary entry. Read a collector’s labels in order and the voyage comes back: the islands in sequence, the days at each, the specimens from every stop. 706 journeys so far, 1879 to 2024, 154,760 specimens between them.

304 collectors and expeditions13,208 days in the field3,394,751 km between stops109,031 photographed specimens

V Hugh M. Smith cruise 47

4 islands of the United States · Oct – Nov 1958

V Hugh M. Smith cruise 47, October – November 1958

111 specimens · 13 stops · 32 days · 5,167 km

H.J. Fortner

6 islands of the United States · Jun – Jul 1984

H.J. Fortner across 6 islands of the United States, June – July 1984

67 specimens · 8 stops · 35 days · 2,689 km

R.C. Gardner

6 islands · Jan – Mar 1975

R.C. Gardner across 6 islands, January – March 1975

49 specimens · 15 stops · 54 days · 18,774 km

Derral R. Herbst

Hawaiʻi Island and Oʻahu · 11–18 Jan 1975

Derral R. Herbst in Hawaiʻi Island and Oʻahu, 11–18 January 1975

92 specimens · 6 stops · 8 days · 302 km

Seymour H. Sohmer

Oʻahu and Hawaiʻi Island · Aug – Sep 1969

Seymour H. Sohmer in Oʻahu and Hawaiʻi Island, August – September 1969

75 specimens · 6 stops · 41 days

G.J. Spence

Lānaʻi and Oʻahu · Sep – Oct 1973

G.J. Spence in Lānaʻi and Oʻahu, September – October 1973

87 specimens · 4 stops · 49 days · 77 km

C.H. Lamoureux

4 islands · 6–17 Dec 1962

C.H. Lamoureux across 4 islands, 6–17 December 1962

93 specimens · 6 stops · 12 days

Philip Hunter Timberlake

Oʻahu · Apr – Aug 1916

Philip Hunter Timberlake in Oʻahu, April – August 1916

90 specimens · 14 stops · 127 days

H.A. Miller

3 islands of the United States · Nov 1952 – Feb 1953

H.A. Miller in Kauaʻi, Oʻahu and Molokaʻi, November 1952 – February 1953

56 specimens · 15 stops · 82 days · 608 km

Isa Degener

4 islands · Jan – Feb 1958

Isa Degener across 4 islands, January – February 1958

79 specimens · 20 stops · 41 days · 13,268 km

Isa Degener

14 islands · May – Aug 1982

Isa Degener across 14 islands, May – August 1982

66 specimens · 25 stops · 81 days · 26,529 km

J.R. Johansen

Oʻahu and Kauaʻi · 20–30 Jul 2009

J.R. Johansen in Oʻahu and Kauaʻi, 20–30 July 2009

131 specimens · 9 stops · 11 days · 653 km

K. Shultz

Oʻahu and Kauaʻi · 4–27 Apr 2001

K. Shultz in Oʻahu and Kauaʻi, 4–27 April 2001

201 specimens · 3 stops · 24 days · 184 km

Charles N. Forbes

3 islands of the United States · Oct 1910 – Jan 1911

Charles N. Forbes in Oʻahu, Maui and Kauaʻi, October 1910 – January 1911

48 specimens · 16 stops · 97 days · 1,320 km

Otto Degener

Oʻahu · Jan – Jun 1933

Otto Degener in Oʻahu, January – June 1933

41 specimens · 17 stops · 136 days · 1,199 km

Yoshio KondoKay Kondo

Oʻahu · Jul – Aug 1940

Yoshio KondoKay Kondo in Oʻahu, July – August 1940

132 specimens · 2 stops · 23 days · 53 km

F.O. Heine

Oʻahu · Feb – Mar 1933

F.O. Heine in Oʻahu, February – March 1933

85 specimens · 4 stops · 33 days · 154 km

Robert L. Usinger

Oʻahu · Feb – May 1936

Robert L. Usinger in Oʻahu, February – May 1936

62 specimens · 9 stops · 83 days · 6,521 km

H.J. Fortner

3 islands of the United States · Jun – Jul 1983

H.J. Fortner in Midway Atoll, Sand Island and Oʻahu, June – July 1983

89 specimens · 4 stops · 24 days

P. Drucker

Oʻahu · Jul – Aug 1951

P. Drucker in Oʻahu, July – August 1951

99 specimens · 3 stops · 29 days · 122 km

Derral R. Herbst

3 islands of the United States · Nov – Dec 1975

Derral R. Herbst in Hawaiʻi Island, Kauaʻi and Oʻahu, November – December 1975

63 specimens · 8 stops · 31 days · 484 km

M.G. Iltis

3 islands of the United States · Jul – Aug 1967

M.G. Iltis in Maui, Oʻahu and Kauaʻi, July – August 1967

86 specimens · 5 stops · 12 days · 141 km

O.L. Smith

Kauaʻi and Oʻahu · Sep – Oct 1921

O.L. Smith in Kauaʻi and Oʻahu, September – October 1921

83 specimens · 4 stops · 31 days · 186 km

S. Carlquist

Kauaʻi and Oʻahu · 1–27 Aug 1961

S. Carlquist in Kauaʻi and Oʻahu, 1–27 August 1961

65 specimens · 7 stops · 27 days · 392 km

How a journey is found

Every specimen with a full date (year, month and day; a bare “1 January” is treated as a missing day) and a named collector is a diary entry. For each collector the days are read in order, each day given the place most of its labels name. The place where a collector spent more than forty percent of their days, and at least sixty of them, is home: days there are left out.

A gap of more than 21 days between collecting days ends one journey and begins the next. A journey must run five to four hundred days, hold at least forty specimens and touch at least two places. Within it, consecutive days inside the same or a neighbouring tenth-of-a-degree cell (about eleven kilometres) are one stop; the stop’s point is the mean of its labels’ coordinates, or the island’s centre when none carry any.

Companions are collectors whose own labels put them in the same cell on the same days. Staff can name a journey, write about it, feature it or hide it; those words survive every rebuild. Everything else is read off the specimens and rebuilt by harvest.mjs expeditions as the records improve.